Abstract Ya̧g Dii (Niger-Congo/Adamawa-Ubangi, Cameroon) has two applicative constructions: a benefactive/malefactive construction, and a comitative/instrumental (‘accompaniment’) construction. The benefactive/malefactive construction licenses the addition of an indirect object with a benefactive, malefactive, or other goal-like role. The construction is often marked by the verbal extension -D; notably, however, an indirect object with a benefactive/malefactive role can appear even if the applicative extension is absent, with a tendency for a benefactive reading to be associated with the presence of the affix, and a malefactive reading with the absence of the affix. The accompaniment applicative construction is always marked by the verbal extension -N, which attaches to an intransitive or transitive stem and marks the presence of an accompanier of the applied clause subject. Unlike the usual situation with applicatives, where the ‘applied’ argument bears a core argument role, the applied argument in the accompaniment applicative construction appears as an oblique dependent of the verb. We discuss the complicated verbal morphology used to express benefactive and comitative/instrumental applicatives, and the syntactic realization of the applied argument in each type.

中文翻译：

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Ya̧gDii中的应用程序：形态和句法含义

摘要Ya̧gDii（喀麦隆尼日尔-刚果/亚当玛瓦-乌班吉）具有两种适用的构造：受益/恶意构造和定性/工具（“伴奏”）构造。受益/恶意构造授权添加具有受益，恶意或其他类似目标角色的间接对象。这种结构通常以-D来标记。但是，值得注意的是，即使没有应用扩展名，也可能会出现一个具有受益/恶意角色的间接对象，倾向于将受益阅读与词缀的存在相关联，而将恶意阅读与词缀的存在相关联。伴奏应用结构始终以-N作为语言扩展名，附加到不及物或及物的词干，并标记所应用从句主题的伴随者的存在。不同于平常情况下的应用语，“应用的”自变量承担核心自变量的作用，在伴随的应用性构造中的“应用的自变量”表现为对动词的倾斜依存。我们讨论了用于表达受益和承诺/工具性应用程序的复杂言语形态，以及每种类型中所应用参数的句法实现。