Abstract Potential multilingualism is a characteristic property of human language. This paper adopts a usage-based, complex-systems approach in discussing two different but interrelated perspectives on how multilingualism takes shape in individuals: the development of a linguistic repertoire over time (macro time perspective) and the processes of language use and acquisition in specific situations (micro time perspective). The concept of L3 has a role at the micro time level, in the situations of language use. A variable model of the situation of language use and acquisition in micro time is proposed. It adopts a factor approach which is inspired by Hufeisen’s Factor Model, but extends that model so as to be applicable to more variable stages and forms of linguistic repertoires. The connection between dynamic processes in micro and macro time is illustrated by data from a longitudinal test of phonological production which exposes both specific usage events and an evolving pattern.

中文翻译：

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成为多语言：宏观和微观时间视角

摘要 潜在的多语性是人类语言的一个特征。本文采用基于用法的复杂系统方法来讨论关于多种语言如何在个人中形成的两种不同但相互关联的观点：语言库随时间的发展（宏观时间观点）以及特定语言使用和习得的过程。情况（微观时间视角）。L3 的概念在微观时间层面，在语言使用的情况下发挥作用。提出了微时间语言使用和习得情况的变量模型。它采用了一种受胡菲森因素模型启发的因素方法，但对该模型进行了扩展，以适用于更多可变阶段和形式的语言库。