Abstract The study explores whether Russian immigrants in Israel with no knowledge of Hebrew (L2) can experience attrition of Russian (L1). Immigrants with no knowledge of Hebrew (−Hebrew), bilingual immigrants who know Russian and Hebrew (+Hebrew), and monolingual controls were compared on lexical retrieval, correctness judgment of collocations, future tense formation, confidence in providing answers to two tasks and the time it took to complete them. Both immigrant groups showed signs of L1 attrition of collocations and of future tense formation, and the –Hebrew group performed significantly worse than +Hebrew group on future tense formation. The three groups did not differ in time-on-task. The –Hebrew group was less confident than the other groups in one task. Low and significant correlations were found between some sociolinguistic factors and test results. We conclude that first language attrition can occur both when immigrants acquire a second language and when they remain monolingual.

中文翻译：

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没有第二语言知识，第一语言损耗可能吗？

摘要 本研究探讨在以色列的俄罗斯移民在不了解希伯来语 (L2) 的情况下是否会经历俄语 (L1) 的磨损。对不了解希伯来语 (-Hebrew) 的移民、了解俄语和希伯来语 (+Hebrew) 的双语移民以及单语对照在词汇检索、搭配的正确性判断、未来时态形成、对两个任务提供答案的信心和完成它们所花费的时间。两个移民组都表现出搭配和未来时态形成的 L1 磨损迹象，并且 –Hebrew 组在未来时态形成上的表现明显低于 +Hebrew 组。三组在完成任务的时间上没有差异。–Hebrew 组在一项任务中不如其他组自信。在一些社会语言学因素和测试结果之间发现了低且显着的相关性。我们的结论是，当移民获得第二语言和保持单语时，都会发生第一语言损耗。