Abstract This paper explores the pedagogical implications and implementations of a Cognitive Construction Grammar (Goldberg, Adele E. 2006. Constructions at work: The nature of generalization in language. New York: Oxford University Press) approach for the teaching of construal in the L2 class of Spanish at an advanced level. To this end, this paper focuses on instances of secondary predication (involving a direct object and an object-related XPCOMP) with decir “say” and other verbs of saying and calling in present-day Spanish, under the rubric of the denominative subjective-transitive construction. This construction comprises a number of lower-level configurations involving a reflexive direct object (the reflexive subjective-transitive construction), and an imperative verb (the imperative subjective-transitive construction). The verb decir is also frequently attested in the reflex passive construction (the impersonal subjective-transitive construction), under which two different, though closely connected, lexically-filled lo que se dice XPCOMP configurations can be posited, which may function as a focusing/emphasizer subjunct or as a summative conjunct in present-day Spanish. A default inheritance system of the type invoked in Cognitive Construction Grammar is shown to capture broad and specific generalizations at a horizontal level (among the verbs attested in the (sub-)construction(s)) and a vertical level (among constructions of varying degrees of specificity) and can thus be informally used to optimize the pedagogical efficiency of the input for the explicit instruction of grammar in the advanced Spanish L2 class.

中文翻译：

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探索建构中纵向与横向关系的教学潜力——以西班牙语decir的主及及物结构族为例

摘要 本文探讨了认知建构语法 (Goldberg, Adele E. 2006. Constructions at work: The Nature of Generalization in language. New York: Oxford University Press) 在 L2 课程中进行解释教学的教学意义和实施高级水平的西班牙语。为此，本文在主谓主语的标题下重点讨论了带有decir“say”和其他说和呼唤动词的次要谓词（涉及直接宾语和与宾语相关的XPCOMP）的实例-传递构造。这种结构包括许多较低级别的配置，涉及反身直接宾语（反身主观-及物结构）和命令式动词（命令式主观-及物结构）。动词 decir 也经常在反射被动结构（客观的主观-及物结构）中得到证实，在这种结构下，可以设置两个不同但紧密相连但充满词汇的 lo que se dice XPCOMP 配置，它们可以作为聚焦/强调虚拟语气或作为现代西班牙语中的总结性连词。在 Cognitive Construction Grammar 中调用的类型的默认继承系统显示在水平级别（在（子）构造中证明的动词中）和垂直级别（在不同程度的构造中）捕获广泛和特定的概括特殊性），因此可以非正式地用于优化高级西班牙语 L2 课程中明确语法教学的输入的教学效率。