Abstract Pseudo-copulative change-of-state (PCOS) verbs are predicates that involve a change in the composition of an entity undergoing a particular event. Due to their complex linguistic nature, these verbs are not easy to be accounted for and consequently, they represent a real challenge to language teachers and learners. First, this paper critically examines the specialized L1 and L2 literature on PCOS verbs in Spanish. Then, it is shown that previous studies are unable to provide a unanimous theory, but rather offer heterogeneous explanations that are full of exceptions and overlook semantic nuances. The second part of this work presents a corpus-based constructional study of the PCOS verbal structure [Vcl+NP] in two PCOS verbs, hacerse ‘make.cl’ and volverse ‘turn.cl’. It is argued that a multi-level family of PCOS constructions captures both the specificity of fully-saturated constructions (María se hizo mujer ‘María became a woman’), as well as the more general abstract patterns ([Subject PCOS-verb Object]). This constructional approach offers a unified and motivated explanation for these PCOS verbs that can be very useful for Spanish as a Foreign Language (SFL).

中文翻译：

---

“如何在不变成芭比娃娃的情况下成为女人”：状态变化动词结构及其在西班牙语作为外语中的作用

Abstract Pseudo-copulative change-of-state (PCOS)动词是涉及经历特定事件的实体的组成发生变化的谓词。由于它们复杂的语言性质，这些动词不容易解释，因此，它们对语言教师和学习者来说是一个真正的挑战。首先，本文批判性地研究了西班牙语中有关 PCOS 动词的专业 L1 和 L2 文献。然后，表明以前的研究无法提供一致的理论，而是提供充满例外并忽略语义细微差别的异质解释。这项工作的第二部分介绍了基于语料库的 PCOS 动词结构 [Vcl+NP] 在两个 PCOS 动词 hacerse 'make.cl' 和 volverse 'turn.cl' 中的结构研究。有人认为，PCOS 结构的多层次家族既捕获了完全饱和结构的特性（María se hizo mujer 'María become a woman'），也捕获了更一般的抽象模式（[Subject PCOS-verb Object] ）。这种构造方法为这些 PCOS 动词提供了统一和有动机的解释，这对于作为外语的西班牙语 (SFL) 非常有用。