Abstract Spanish gustar-type psychological verbs have a reverse, intransitive structure that is notably different from their direct, transitive counterpart in English. Research has pointed to the dative marker a to be the most problematic element for learners to acquire (Quesada, M. 2008. *Yo gusto pasteles de chocolate: De la transitividad hacia la intransitividad en la adquisición de verbos psicológicos en español. In R. M. Ortiz Ciscomani (ed.), Memoria del IX EILN, 55–72. Hermosillo, México: Editorial Universidad de Sonora; Toth, P. D. 2003. Psych verbs and morphosyntactic development in instructed L2 Spanish. In S. Montrul & F. Ordóñez (eds.), Linguistic theory and language development in Hispanic languages, 468–497. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press), although other studies have noted the difficulties of verb-theme agreement (Montrul 1997b; Toribio, A. J. & C. Nye. 2006. Restructuring of reverse psychological predicates. In C. Nishida & J. P. Montreuil (eds.), New perspectives on romance linguistics, 263–277. Austin, TX: Benjamins). This study examines how 24 low-intermediate and 24 high-intermediate learners of L2 Spanish with L1 English, as well as 20 native speakers (NSs), performed on a 99-item grammaticality judgment test. Sentences varied in their use of the dative marker, theme-verb agreement, and indirect object clitic pronouns. Reading times were also captured for each item. Results reveal that learners responded significantly differently from NSs. Furthermore, the fact that the most critical elements of such constructions were different for NSs than for what is currently emphasized in the classroom has relevant pedagogical implications.

中文翻译：

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学习者和母语者在西班牙语中gustar型心理动词的可接受性差异

摘要 西班牙语 gustar 型心理动词具有反向的不及物结构，与英语中的直接、及物对应物明显不同。研究指出与格标记 a 是学习者获得的最有问题的元素（Quesada, M. 2008。*Yo gusto pasteles de Chocolate: De la transividad hacia la intransitividad en la adquisición de verbos psicológicos en español。在 RM Ortiz Ciscomani (ed.), Memoria del IX EILN, 55–72. Hermosillo, México: Editor Universidad de Sonora; Toth, PD 2003. S. Montrul & F. Ordóñez (eds. in S. Montrul & F. Ordóñez (eds. ), 西班牙语言的语言学理论和语言发展, 468–497. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press), 尽管其他研究已经注意到动词-主题一致的困难（Montrul 1997b；Toribio, AJ & C. Nye. 2006. Restructuring of reverse Psychopredicts。在 C. Nishida & JP Montreuil (eds.), New views on浪漫语言学， 263–277。德克萨斯州奥斯汀：本杰明）。本研究调查了 24 名低中级和 24 名中级西班牙语和 24 名中级英语学习者以及 20 名母语人士 (NS) 在 99 项语法判断测试中的表现。句子在使用与格标记、主题-动词一致和间接宾语代词方面各不相同。还记录了每个项目的阅读时间。结果表明，学习者的反应与 NS 有显着不同。此外，