Universities have become increasingly entrepreneurial during the last several years, and research still widely ignores the existence of independent entrepreneurial actions of universities. This paper specifically deals with entrepreneurial activities that universities have recently started to embrace. In detail, it focuses on vocational education, an innovation step that enables universities to generate additional resources. This paper applies a qualitative research approach based on case studies to explore the business models of entrepreneurial universities in the realm of vocational education. In particular, it deals with universities that offer their services in an international context. Our paper allows for a deeper understanding of the key decisions and choices related to the business model of entrepreneurial universities in the area of vocational education and identifies three business model patterns that universities can apply to extend their traditional business models and embark on an evolutionary path to satisfy the necessity of independently generating funds. Thus, this research not only sheds light on entrepreneurial activities carried out by universities in general, it also goes deeper by showing how these activities shape the business model.

中文翻译：

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职业教育领域创业型大学的商业模式-探索性分析

在过去的几年中，大学变得越来越具有企业家精神，而研究仍然广泛地忽略了大学自主创业行为的存在。本文专门讨论了大学最近开始接受的创业活动。详细地讲，它着重于职业教育，这是一个创新步骤，使大学能够产生更多的资源。本文采用基于案例研究的定性研究方法，探索职业教育领域的创业型大学商业模式。特别是，它与在国际范围内提供服务的大学打交道。我们的论文可以使人们对职业教育领域与创业型大学的商业模式相关的关键决策和选择有更深入的了解，并确定三种大学可以应用的商业模式模式，以扩展其传统商业模式并走上一条发展道路。满足独立产生资金的必要性。因此，这项研究不仅揭示了一般大学开展的创业活动，而且还通过展示这些活动如何塑造商业模式来进一步深入研究。