This study aims to determine the current state of implementation and effectiveness of education for sustainable development (ESD) in Pakistani higher education institutions (HEIs) using students’ and teachers’ perceptions of sustainability.,A survey on teachers and students was conducted in public and private universities in Punjab, Pakistan. Data from 1,915 students and 120 teachers were collected through semi-structured questionnaires implemented during face-to-face interviews. Students were asked to rank social, environmental and economic indicators of sustainability consciousness (SC) on a five-point Likert scale. Structural equation model and regression model are used to analyze the data. The perceptions of students and teachers were assessed from their knowledge of sustainability.,The occurrence of ESD in Pakistani HEIs is low and teachers have inadequate knowledge of sustainability. The holistic approach to ESD has a more pronounced effect on students’ SC as compared to the pluralistic approach to ESD. Also, there is a correlation between the students’ grades/class and the effectiveness of ESD. There is a need to pay more attention to implement ESD for undergraduate students in Pakistani HEIs.,The study stands out for using cross-sectional data from public and private universities of Pakistan. Furthermore, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study in Pakistan which attempts to investigate the effectiveness of ESD in terms of students’ SC.

中文翻译：

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巴基斯坦高等教育机构中的可持续发展教育：对学生和老师的看法的探索性研究

这项研究旨在利用学生和教师对可持续性的认识，确定巴基斯坦高等教育机构（HEI）实施可持续发展教育（ESD）的现状和有效性。巴基斯坦旁遮普邦的私立大学。通过在面对面访谈中实施的半结构化问卷，收集了来自1,915名学生和120名教师的数据。要求学生按照李克特五分制对可持续意识的社会，环境和经济指标进行排名。使用结构方程模型和回归模型分析数据。通过对学生和老师的可持续性知识进行评估，巴基斯坦高校中的ESD发生率较低，并且教师对可持续性知识不足。与多元化的ESD方法相比，整体的ESD方法对学生的SC有更明显的影响。此外，学生的成绩/班级与ESD的效果之间也存在相关性。需要对巴基斯坦高校的本科生实施ESD给予更多的关注。这项研究在使用巴基斯坦公立和私立大学的横截面数据方面脱颖而出。此外，据作者所知，这是巴基斯坦的第一项研究，试图从学生的SC角度研究ESD的有效性。此外，学生的成绩/班级与ESD的效果之间也存在相关性。需要对巴基斯坦高校的本科生实施ESD给予更多的关注。这项研究在使用巴基斯坦公立和私立大学的横截面数据方面脱颖而出。此外，据作者所知，这是巴基斯坦的第一项研究，试图从学生的SC角度研究ESD的有效性。此外，学生的成绩/班级与ESD的效果之间也存在相关性。需要对巴基斯坦高校的本科生实施ESD给予更多的关注。这项研究在使用巴基斯坦公立和私立大学的横截面数据方面脱颖而出。此外，据作者所知，这是巴基斯坦的第一项研究，试图从学生的SC角度研究ESD的有效性。