Youth unemployment is a major problem that the economic systems face. Given this issue, we assess whether school-to-work transition is easier for individuals with secondary vocational education with respect to general secondary education. We want to explore which vocational systems across Europe produce better effects. We use data from a module on "Entry of young people into the labour market" from the 2009 European Labour Survey and we estimate a multinomial probit models allowing for violation of the irrelevance of the alternative assumption. We find that in countries with the dual vocational system, vocational education improves employability whereas in countries with school-based vocational system results are mixed and only in some cases they are significantly positive. We provide policy implications showing that vocational systems can improve school-to-work transitions and that the dual vocational structure appears to be an effective system. Given the relevance of youth unemployment, we provide valuable information on how to mitigate this problem. The use of cross-country comparisons offers great insights on which vocational systems appear to be well-suited to enhance employability.

中文翻译：

---

从学校到工作的过渡与职业教育：整个欧洲的比较

青年失业是经济体系面临的主要问题。鉴于这个问题，我们评估了相对于普通中等教育，中等职业教育的个人从学校到工作的过渡是否更容易。我们想探索整个欧洲哪些职业体系产生更好的效果。我们使用来自2009年欧洲劳动力调查的“年轻人进入劳动力市场”模块的数据，并估算了多项概率模型，该模型允许违反替代假设的无关性。我们发现，在具有双重职业制度的国家，职业教育提高了就业能力，而在具有校本职业制度的国家中，结果参差不齐，仅在某些情况下，它们是积极的。我们提供的政策含义表明，职业系统可以改善从学校到工作的过渡，而双重职业结构似乎是一个有效的系统。考虑到青年失业的相关性，我们提供了有关如何缓解这一问题的宝贵信息。跨国比较的使用提供了关于哪些职业系统似乎最适合提高就业能力的深刻见解。