Abstract The present study looks at adverb placement in expert writing and in first-language and second-language novice spoken and written production. The extent to which first-language (L1) transfer is still present in advanced learners’ written production is also investigated. The study uses data from one expert corpus (LOCRA), two native-speaker student corpora (BAWE and LOCNEC) and two learner corpora (VESPA and LINDSEI). The results highlight the importance of taking mode into consideration, as clear distributional differences were found between spoken and written production. In addition, while considerable differences could be noted across L1 background in the spoken data, factors such as presence/absence of auxiliary, verb type (e.g. intransitive, copular/linking) and lexis were found to be most important for predicting adverb placement in the written data. Only very limited evidence of L1 transfer was found in the learners’ writing, suggesting that advanced learners have largely mastered the distributional preferences of adverbs.

中文翻译：

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EFL学术写作中的副词位置

摘要 本研究着眼于专家写作以及第一语言和第二语言新手口语和书面作品中的副词位置。还调查了高级学习者的书面作品中仍然存在第一语言 (L1) 迁移的程度。该研究使用来自一个专家语料库 (LOCRA)、两个母语学生语料库（BAWE 和 LOCNEC）和两个学习者语料库（VESPA 和 LINDSEI）的数据。结果强调了考虑模式的重要性，因为在口语和书面生产之间发现了明显的分布差异。此外，虽然在口语数据的 L1 背景中可以注意到相当大的差异，但诸如辅助词的存在/不存在、动词类型（例如不及物动词、copular/linking) 和 lexis 被发现对于预测书面数据中的副词位置最重要。在学习者的写作中只发现了非常有限的 L1 迁移证据，这表明高级学习者已经在很大程度上掌握了副词的分布偏好。