This paper describes and analyzes the typologically unique lateral system of Nivaĉle (Mataguayan). There is no lateral approximant in this language, but rather two lateral obstruents: the lateral fricative /ɬ/ and the complex segment /k͡l/. These two sounds behave differently in terms of both their phonotactic patterning and their morphophonemic alternations; they do not participate in any phonological processes that invoke their lateral articulation as a shared phonologically relevant property. The main proposal advanced here is that /k͡l/ is a complex segment and not an affricate: (i) there is no fricative release and (ii) the sequence of two phases does not agree in voicing. Further, it is hypothesized that the development of /k͡l/ from Proto-Mataguayan *l can be rooted in speech perception factors. Namely, the lateral approximant was realized with a brief stop closure which was misinterpreted as a real stop burst and reanalyzed as /k͡l/.

中文翻译：

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对 Nivaĉle k͡l 和 ɬ 的再分析：语音、音位学和类型学证据

本文描述和分析了 Nivaĉle (Mataguayan) 在类型学上独特的横向系统。在这种语言中没有横向近似词，而是两个横向阻碍词：横向擦音 /ɬ/ 和复合音段 /k͡l/。这两种声音在音位模式和形态音位交替方面表现不同；他们不参与任何将其横向发音作为共享的语音相关属性的语音过程。这里提出的主要建议是 /k͡l/ 是一个复杂的片段而不是塞擦音：(i) 没有擦音释放和 (ii) 两个阶段的顺序在发声方面不一致。此外，假设 /k͡l/ 从 Proto-Mataguayan *l 的发展可以植根于语音感知因素。即，