Abstract The goal of this study is to examine the strategies of politeness used in the Qur’an, the holy book of Muslims, to address and represent women. Women have been represented negatively in many different types of texts through face-threatening acts that sustain masculine power and hegemony. This study attempts to investigate the image of women in the most sacred book of Muslims. Two aspects are examined herein: the representation of women in relation to sensitive issues like sex and marriage, and the forms of address and reference to women. A qualitative approach is used to provide interpretations of the hidden meanings in the selected excerpts, adopting Brown and Levinson’s theory of politeness and Leech’s maxims of politeness as the guides for the analysis. The analysis has revealed that women all through Qur’an have been addressed and referred to decently and politely. Unlike most of the other topics where bald-on-record strategies are used, the use of off-record strategies and positive and negative face strategies of politeness have been found to be dominant in discussion of issues relevant to women. These strategies have been used to avoid unpleasant communication in spiritual issues, and also to avoid misrepresentation of women, demeaning of their persons, causing any embarrassment, and thereby saving the face of both women and recipients. However, bald-on-record strategies are sometimes used in topics related to legal matters concerning familial and social unity and solidarity. The analysis has demonstrated the means by which language is used in the Glorious Qur’an to courteously address women. Concerning interpersonal maxims, the approbation, modesty, sympathy, tact, and agreement maxims have shown to be evident in addressing and referring to women. This study will contribute to the field of pragmatics and will lead to cross-religious and cross-cultural understanding during a period where Islam and its teachings are being widely questioned and examined.

中文翻译：

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礼貌策略和《古兰经》中妇女的代表

摘要这项研究的目的是研究穆斯林圣书古兰经中使用的礼貌策略，以表达和代表女性。妇女通过维持男性权力和霸权的威胁面部的行为在许多不同类型的文本中都受到负面影响。这项研究试图调查最神圣的穆斯林书中的女性形象。本文研究了两个方面：与性别和婚姻等敏感问题相关的妇女代表性，以及对妇女的称呼和提及形式。定性方法用于对所选摘录中的隐藏含义进行解释，采用布朗和莱文森的礼貌理论和里奇的礼貌准则作为分析的指导。分析表明，《古兰经》中的所有妇女都得到了应有的礼貌和称赞。与大多数使用记录秃头策略的其他主题不同，在讨论与女性相关的问题时，发现使用记录外策略以及正面和负面的礼貌面对策略是主要的。这些策略已被用来避免在精神问题上的不愉快的交流，也避免了妇女的虚假陈述，贬低其人身，造成任何尴尬，从而挽救了妇女和受助人的面目。但是，有时在与有关家庭和社会团结与团结的法律事务有关的主题中使用秃头记录策略。分析表明，在《古兰经》中，使用语言来礼貌地对待女性。关于人际格言，在与妇女打交道时，认同，谦虚，同情，机智和同意格言是显而易见的。这项研究将在实用主义领域做出贡献，并在对伊斯兰及其教义受到广泛质疑和审查的时期内，导致对跨宗教和跨文化的理解。