Abstract While greetings are performed in all cultures and open most conversations, previous studies suggest that there are cross-cultural differences between different languages in greeting behavior. But do speakers of different national varieties of the same language organize and perform their greeting behavior in similar ways? In this study, we investigate the sequential organization of greetings in relation to gaze behavior in the two national varieties of Swedish: Sweden Swedish spoken in Sweden and Finland Swedish spoken in Finland. In recent years, the importance of studying pluricentric languages from a pragmatic perspective has been foregrounded, not least within the framework of variational pragmatics. To date, most studies have focused on structural differences between national varieties of pluricentric languages. With this study, we extend the scope of variational pragmatics through adding an interactional, micro perspective to the broader macro analysis typical of this field. For this study, we have analyzed patterns for greetings in 297 video-recorded service encounters, where staff and customers interact at theatre box offices and event booking venues in Sweden and Finland. The study shows that there are similarities and differences in greeting behavior between varieties. There is a strong preference for exchanging reciprocal verbal greetings, one at a time, in both. There is also a similar organization of the greeting sequence, where customer and staff establish mutual gaze prior to the verbal greetings, thus signaling availability for interaction. The duration of mutual gaze and the timing of the greeting, however, differ between the two varieties. We have also conducted a multi modal analysis of gaze behavior in correlation to the greeting. We found that the customers and staff in the Finland Swedish data share mutual gaze before and during the verbal greeting, and often avert gaze after the verbal greetings. However, in the Sweden Swedish data, the participants often avert gaze before the verbal greetings. Our results thus indicate that both similarities and differences in pragmatic routines and bodily behavior exist between the two national varieties of Swedish. The present study on greeting practices in Finland Swedish and Sweden Swedish should contribute to the field of variational pragmatics and to the development of pluricentric theory.

中文翻译：

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问候作为芬兰的一种社会行动瑞典和瑞典瑞典服务的遭遇-多中心视角

摘要虽然问候语在所有文化中都进行并且会打开大多数对话，但是以前的研究表明，问候语的不同语言之间存在跨文化差异。但是，使用同一语言的不同国家语言的发言人是否以类似的方式组织和执行他们的问候行为？在这项研究中，我们调查了瑞典语两个国家变体中与注视行为有关的问候语的顺序组织：瑞典语瑞典语和瑞典语芬兰语。近年来，从实用主义的角度研究多中心语言的重要性已得到重视，尤其是在变体语用学的框架内。迄今为止，大多数研究都集中在多中心语言的国家变体之间的结构差异上。通过这项研究，我们通过向本领域典型的更广泛的宏观分析中添加互动的微观视角来扩展变体语用学的范围。在本研究中，我们分析了297个视频记录的服务遭遇中的问候方式，其中员工和客户在瑞典和芬兰的剧院票房和活动预订场所进行互动。研究表明，品种之间的问候行为存在异同。双方都非常希望一次交换一次相互的语言问候。问候序列也有类似的组织，在此过程中，客户和员工在口头问候之前先建立起彼此的目光，从而表明可以进行交互。但是，两个品种之间的相互注视时间和打招呼的时间有所不同。我们还对与问候相关的凝视行为进行了多模式分析。我们发现，芬兰瑞典数据中的客户和员工在口头问候之前和期间共享共同的目光，并且在口头问候之后通常避免视线。但是，在瑞典语瑞典语数据中，参与者经常在口头问候之前避免凝视。因此，我们的结果表明，瑞典的两个国家变体在实用惯例和身体行为上既有相似之处，也有不同之处。目前在芬兰瑞典语和瑞典瑞典语中关于问候语习惯的研究应有助于变式语用学领域和多中心理论的发展。我们发现，芬兰瑞典数据中的客户和员工在口头问候之前和期间共享共同的目光，并且在口头问候之后通常避免视线。但是，在瑞典语瑞典语数据中，参与者经常在口头问候之前避免凝视。因此，我们的结果表明，瑞典的两个国家变体在实用惯例和身体行为上既有相似之处，也有不同之处。目前在芬兰瑞典语和瑞典瑞典语中关于问候语习惯的研究应有助于变式语用学领域和多中心理论的发展。我们发现，芬兰瑞典数据中的客户和员工在口头问候之前和期间共享共同的目光，并且在口头问候之后通常避免视线。但是，在瑞典语瑞典语数据中，参与者经常在口头问候之前避免凝视。因此，我们的结果表明，瑞典的两个国家变体在实用惯例和身体行为上既有相似之处，也有不同之处。目前在芬兰瑞典语和瑞典瑞典语中的问候习惯的研究应有助于变式语用学领域和多中心理论的发展。因此，我们的结果表明，在瑞典的两个国家变种之间，在实用惯例和身体行为上既有相似之处，也有差异。目前在芬兰瑞典语和瑞典瑞典语中的问候习惯的研究应有助于变式语用学领域和多中心理论的发展。因此，我们的结果表明，在瑞典的两个国家变种之间，在实用惯例和身体行为上既有相似之处，也有不同之处。目前在芬兰瑞典语和瑞典瑞典语中的问候习惯的研究应有助于变式语用学领域和多中心理论的发展。