This article traces a normative turn between the middle of the 1940s and the early 1950s reflected in the reformulation, interpretation, and use of rational choice theories at the Cowles Commission for Research in Economics. This turn is paralleled by a transition from Jacob Marschak’s to Tjalling Koopmans’s research program. While rational choice theories initially raised high hopes that they would serve as empirical accounts to inform testable hypotheses about economic regularities, they became increasingly modified and interpreted as normative approaches offering behavioral recommendations for individual agents, organizations, government, and teams. The predefined elements constitutive of these accounts, inspired by simple rules of logic, were now meant to represent the basic demands of rationality and theories of rational decision making specified rules of conduct that were meant to shape rather than explain behavior.

中文翻译：

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从人类行为理论到理性选择规则

本文追溯了 1940 年代中期和 1950 年代初期之间的规范转变，反映在考尔斯经济学研究委员会对理性选择理论的重新制定、解释和使用中。这一转变与从 Jacob Marschak 的研究计划到 Tjalling Koopmans 的研究计划的过渡并行。虽然理性选择理论最初寄予厚望，希望它们可以作为经验解释，为有关经济规律的可检验假设提供信息，但它们越来越多地被修改和解释为规范方法，为个体代理、组织、政府和团队提供行为建议。构成这些帐户的预定义元素，受简单逻辑规则的启发，