This paper analyses the role language and gender have played in the construction of animosity among various constituencies during a political crisis in Brazil. To do so, it investigates a language ideological debate about the innovative use of the letter X as a gender morpheme – an inclusive alternative against Portuguese binary grammatical gender system. The data include op-eds, blog posts, news articles and in-depth semi-structured interviews with stakeholders in the debate. The analyses track the emergence of competing metadiscursive and metapragmatic regimes about grammar, gender and politics. On a macro-sociological level, this language ideological work helps shape politics of enmity which characterise the current state of democracy in Brazil and elsewhere. However, it also points to the emergence of situated counterdiscourses of solidarity which help individuals face an otherwise debilitating social context.

中文翻译：

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性别仇恨政治：巴西的语言意识形态和社会两极分化

本文分析了在巴西政治危机期间语言和性别在不同选区之间的仇恨构建中所起的作用。为此，它调查了关于字母 X 作为性别语素的创新使用的语言意识形态辩论 - 一种针对葡萄牙语二元语法性别系统的包容性替代方案。数据包括专栏、博客文章、新闻文章以及与辩论中的利益相关者的深入半结构化访谈。这些分析追踪了关于语法、性别和政治的相互竞争的元话语和元语用制度的出现。在宏观社会学层面上，这种语言意识形态工作有助于塑造敌意政治，这是巴西和其他地方当前民主状态的特征。然而，