Abstract This paper examines the phenomenon of paratactic negation (PN) by analyzing the usage of the Finnish verb epailla (‘doubt’, ‘suspect’, ‘suppose’), which is associated with both inherent negation and negative evaluation. Paratactic negation refers to an overt negation in a complement clause of an inherently negative verb that results in a single negative reading. This analysis draws on previous research going back to Jespersen (1917), in observing that the PN complement clause verbalizes the content of the activity that is expressed by the matrix verb. In this case, the verb of inherent negation does not have scope over the complement despite its negative semantics. This paper addresses the question of where and why content complements actually occur. The answer to this question is given by accounting for the differences of the content complements from more clearly subordinate target complements. It is shown that this distinction is related to verb semantics and conventionalized syntagmatic patterns. This is demonstrated by accounting for the differences of the content complements from more clearly subordinate target complements. On the basis of these results, the paper offers a refined definition of paratactic negation. This definition has two major implications: First, it suggests that a semantically non-vacuous PN may be a conventionalized pattern. Second, it leads us to reconsider the limits of PN and the definition of inherent negation.

中文翻译：

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重新审视并列否定

摘要 本文通过分析芬兰语动词 epailla ('doubt', 'suspect', 'suppose') 的用法来检验并列否定 (PN) 现象，它与固有否定和否定评价有关。并列否定是指在一个固有否定动词的补语从句中公开否定，导致单一否定阅读。该分析借鉴了可追溯到 Jespersen (1917) 的先前研究，观察到 PN 补语从句表达了由矩阵动词表达的活动的内容。在这种情况下，固有否定动词尽管有否定语义，但它的范围不超过补语。本文解决了内容补充实际发生的地点和原因的问题。这个问题的答案是通过解释内容补充与更明确的从属目标补充之间的差异来给出的。结果表明，这种区别与动词语义和约定俗成的句法模式有关。这通过说明内容补语与更清晰的从属目标补语之间的差异来证明。在这些结果的基础上，本文提供了并列否定的精确定义。这个定义有两个主要含义：首先，它表明语义非空的 PN 可能是一种约定俗成的模式。其次，它引导我们重新考虑 PN 的限制和内在否定的定义。结果表明，这种区别与动词语义和约定俗成的句法模式有关。这通过说明内容补语与更清晰的从属目标补语之间的差异来证明。在这些结果的基础上，本文提供了并列否定的精确定义。这个定义有两个主要含义：首先，它表明语义非空的 PN 可能是一种约定俗成的模式。其次，它引导我们重新考虑 PN 的限制和内在否定的定义。结果表明，这种区别与动词语义和约定俗成的句法模式有关。这通过说明内容补语与更清晰的从属目标补语之间的差异来证明。在这些结果的基础上，本文提供了并列否定的精确定义。这个定义有两个主要含义：首先，它表明语义非空的 PN 可能是一种约定俗成的模式。其次，它引导我们重新考虑 PN 的限制和内在否定的定义。它表明语义上非空的 PN 可能是一种约定俗成的模式。其次，它引导我们重新考虑 PN 的限制和内在否定的定义。它表明语义上非空的 PN 可能是一种约定俗成的模式。其次，它引导我们重新考虑 PN 的限制和内在否定的定义。