The idea that every individual, by the virtue of being a human, is entitled to a set of basic rights that are inalienable is fairly new, although this idea has its roots in various ancient cultures of the world. It was only after the two World Wars that the idea of human rights was centre-staged in the international arena. Human Rights were only then explicitly mentioned in a formal document, that we know as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The historical evolution of the human rights is complex as the idea of Human rights already existed either in oral or written form. Many concepts of religious or philosophical origin, when analysed carefully, would seem to be based on the ideals on which the Human Rights are based. Its evolution is the result of philosophical, spiritual, cultural and legal developments throughout the world history. The value of human dignity and belief in justice is found in almost all the religious texts or practices of the world. The inviolability of these fundamentals is stressed in the religious traditions of Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism and others. The underpinnings of the modern day international human rights jurisprudence is actually influenced by the moral foundations that were laid by the practices of various religions across the world.

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古印度社会的人权观念

每个人作为人都有权享有一套不可剥夺的基本权利的想法是相当新的，尽管这种想法源于世界上各种古老的文化。直到两次世界大战之后，人权观念才成为国际舞台的中心。人权直到那时才在正式文件中明确提及，我们称之为《世界人权宣言》。人权的历史演变是复杂的，因为人权的概念已经以口头或书面形式存在。仔细分析后，许多宗教或哲学起源的概念似乎都建立在人权所依据的理想之上。它的演变是整个世界历史上哲学、精神、文化和法律发展的结果。人类尊严和正义信仰的价值几乎可以在世界上所有的宗教文本或实践中找到。这些基本原则的不可侵犯性在印度教、佛教、犹太教和其他宗教传统中得到强调。现代国际人权法学的基础实际上受到世界各地各种宗教实践所奠定的道德基础的影响。