Purpose The purpose of this paper is to reconstruct the development of industrial relations (IR) in Spain since the democratic transition and analyses the current dilemmas of its social and political actors in the context of the long-lasting economic downturn. Design/methodology/approach Combining a political economy, identifying Spain as a particular variety of modern capitalism, and actor-centred historical institutionalism approach, outlining the formation and strategies of the main social actors, the paper draws on the broad range of research on IR in Spain and its theoretical debates, including proper research in the field. Findings The legacies of the latecomer industrialisation and the semi-peripheral development model still shape the Spanish economy and IR. The impact of the current economic and political-institutional crisis affects the entire institutional IR system and its actors shifting power towards the individual employer thus weakening trade unions, labour rights and collective bargaining. Regarding the theoretical debate on corporatism, the Spanish case provides ambiguous results. The lack of a coherent institutional system and efficient political administration limits the effectiveness of corporatist arrangements and reduces them to contingent concertation strategies. Spain confirms that IR still largely depend on the specific national variety of capitalism that condition economic development and resources for political exchange. Originality/value The paper presents an original, theoretical-informed reconstruction of the Spanish IR and allows an understanding of the current institutional transformations and strategic dilemmas in the light of historical legacies. Additionally, the theoretical debates on neo-corporatism and semi-peripheral development are enriched through its application to the Spanish case.

中文翻译：

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西班牙的劳资关系–激烈的冲突，薄弱的参与者和分散的机构

目的本文的目的是重建西班牙自民主过渡以来的劳资关系（IR）发展，并分析在长期经济衰退背景下其社会和政治行为者当前的困境。设计/方法论/方法结合政治经济学，将西班牙确定为现代资本主义的一种特殊形式，以及以行为者为中心的历史制度主义方法，概述了主要社会行为者的形成和策略，该论文借鉴了广泛的IR研究在西班牙及其理论辩论，包括该领域的适当研究。调查结果后来者工业化的遗产和半外围发展模式仍然影响着西班牙的经济和投资者关系。当前经济和政治制度危机的影响影响到整个制度投资者关系系统，其参与者将权力转移给个人雇主，从而削弱了工会，劳工权利和集体谈判的能力。关于公司主义的理论辩论，西班牙案提供了模棱两可的结果。缺乏统一的制度体系和有效的政治管理限制了社团主义安排的效力，并将其简化为偶然的协调战略。西班牙确认，国际关系在很大程度上仍然取决于特定的国家资本主义多样性，这种资本主义制约着经济发展和政治交流资源。创意/价值论文出示正本，从理论上对西班牙国际关系进行了重建，并根据历史遗产对当前的制度转型和战略困境进行了了解。此外，关于新公司主义和半外围发展的理论辩论通过将其应用于西班牙案件而得到了丰富。