The purpose of this paper is to explore whether and how the actual use of supports available from the state, organisations and families helps workers reduce perceived work–family conflict (WFC), explored from both works interfering with family (WIF) and family interfering with work (FIW) perspectives.,The study is based on a survey of 2,029 employees at six large Italian firms. To test hypotheses, a hierarchical regression analysis was performed.,WFC should be explored considering its bi-directionality, as supports have different impacts on WIF and FIW. Workplace instrumental support elicits mixed effects on WFC, whereas workplace emotional support and familiar support reduce both FIW and WIF.,The study is limited to the Italian national context, and data were collected in a single moment of time, which did not allow for observing changes in employees’ lives.,Human resource managers, as well as policy makers, will find this study’s results useful in designing effective work–life balance policies and supports, in which attention is devoted mainly to promoting workplace emotional supports and facilitating familiar support.,The study highlights that by reducing pressures from work and family responsibilities that generate WFC conditions, organisational and familiar supports elicit different effects, which should be considered carefully when defining policies and interventions.,This study is one of the few that compare the role of supports provided by actors in different sectors on FIW and WIF, thereby allowing for an understanding of whether the bi-directionality of the conflicts is a relevant perspective.

中文翻译：

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不同支持对工作与家庭冲突的影响

本文的目的是探究是否，如何实际使用州，组织和家庭提供的支持，以及如何从工人干预家庭（WIF）和家庭干预家庭两个方面探讨减少工人的工作-家庭冲突（WFC）。工作（FIW）观点。该研究基于对意大利六家大型公司的2,029名员工的调查。为了检验假设，进行了层次回归分析。由于支持对WIF和FIW的影响不同，因此应考虑WFC的双向性来进行研究。工作场所的工具支持会对WFC产生不同的影响，而工作场所的情感支持和熟悉的支持会减少FIW和WIF。该研究仅限于意大利的国情，并且数据是在单个时间段内收集的，