Abstract Bridging relations are used when the identity of a discourse-new entity can be inferred via lexical relations from an antecedent (e. g. a cake … the slice) or non-lexically via reference to world knowledge or discourse structure (e. g. a war … the survivors). Such relations are marked in English via the definite article, which is considered a difficult feature of the English language for L2 learners to acquire, particularly for L1 speakers of article-less languages. This paper provides an Integrated Contrastive Model (e. g. Granger 1996) of the L1 and L2 production of definite article bridging relations using L2 English learner corpus data produced by native Mandarin and Korean speakers at four L2 proficiency levels, alongside comparative native English data. The data is taken from the International Corpus Network of Asian Learners of English (ICNALE, Ishikawa 2011, 2013), totalling just under 400,000 words with over 1500 bridging NPs identified. Results suggest subtle but significant differences between L1-L2 and L2-L2 groupings in terms of the frequency of particular bridging relation types and lemmatised wordings identified in the data, although there was little evidence of pseudo-longitudinal development. Such differences may suggest an effect of L1-L2 linguistic relativity, influencing the selection of relational links between given/new discourse entities during L2 production.

中文翻译：

---

L2中的定冠词桥接关系：学习者语料库研究

当可以通过先行词（例如蛋糕……切片）的词汇关系来推断话语新实体的身份，或者通过参考世界知识或话语结构（例如战争……幸存者）以非词汇方式来推断话语新实体的身份时，则使用桥接关系）。此类关系通过定冠词用英语标记，这被认为是第二语言学习者（尤其是那些不懂文章语言的第一语言说者）英语学习的难点。本文使用由母语为普通话和朝鲜语的母语者在四个母语水平下产生的母语学习者语料库数据以及四个母语水平的比较者提供了一种综合的对比模型（例如Granger 1996），用于确定物品桥接关系的母语和母语的产生。数据来自国际亚洲英语学习者语料库网络（ICNALE，石川，2011年，2013年），总计不到40万个单词，并识别出1500多个桥接NP。结果表明，L1-L2和L2-L2分组之间存在细微但显着的差异，尽管在数据中确定的特定桥接关系类型和词条修饰词的出现频率，尽管很少有伪纵向发展的迹象。这种差异可能暗示了L1-L2语言相对论的影响，影响了在L2产生过程中给定/新话语实体之间的关系链接的选择。结果表明，L1-L2和L2-L2分组之间存在细微但显着的差异，尽管在数据中确定的特定桥接关系类型和词条修饰词的出现频率，尽管很少有伪纵向发展的迹象。这种差异可能暗示了L1-L2语言相对论的影响，影响了在L2产生过程中给定/新话语实体之间的关系链接的选择。结果表明，L1-L2和L2-L2分组之间存在细微但显着的差异，尽管在数据中确定的特定桥接关系类型和词条修饰词的出现频率，尽管很少有伪纵向发展的迹象。这种差异可能暗示了L1-L2语言相对论的影响，影响了在L2产生过程中给定/新话语实体之间的关系链接的选择。