By assessing differentiated upper secondary education with homogeneous student backgrounds, previous studies indicate that a high concentration of students from families of higher socioeconomic status (SES) and a climate of educational expectations for higher educational attainment in schools result in a “hot house” effect that facilitates students’ shadow education participation. Building on the literature, this study investigates whether the effect exists in an egalitarian system as a possible hidden mechanism of inequality in learning opportunities due to de facto socioeconomic disparities among residential places. Using a nationally representative sample of ninth graders in Japan, this study identifies the hot house effect on shadow education participation in the compulsory education system, which is regarded as egalitarian. Specifically, family SES relates to parents’ educational expectations, neighborhood SES appears to shape varying neighborhood-level expectations, and these factors lead to differentiation in shadow education participation, countering the intention of the egalitarian education system.

中文翻译：

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平等义务教育体系中影子教育的不平等参与

通过评估具有同质化学生背景的差异化高中教育，先前的研究表明，来自较高社会经济地位 (SES) 家庭的学生的高度集中以及对学校更高教育程度的教育期望导致了“温室”效应。方便学生参与影子教育。在文献的基础上，本研究调查了这种影响是否存在于平等主义制度中，作为由于居住地之间事实上的社会经济差异而导致学习机会不平等的可能隐藏机制。本研究使用具有全国代表性的日本九年级学生样本，确定了被视为平等主义的义务教育体系中影子教育参与的温室效应。具体来说，