Purpose The purpose of this paper is to address the issues of correlated events and individual heterogeneity in multiple best management practices (BMPs) adoption. Design/methodology/approach The authors used survey data collected from broiler producers in Louisiana, USA. The authors estimated several duration models that either considered event dependence or heterogeneity or both. Findings Results from the conditional frailty model indicated that large farms adopt BMPs earlier, farmers who have been in broiler farming profession for a long time are late to adopt BMPs and more informed farmers, through contact with extension agents and education, are early adopters of BMPs. Research limitations/implications The limitation of this study is that the authors did not validate the robustness of the conditional frailty model using a more rigorous approach, such as empirical simulation method. Practical implications Many farmers do not adopt a new technology immediately after it becomes available. Duration models help to understand why farmers wait and how long they wait before adopting a new technology. In case of correlated events, where farmers adopt more than one technology, it is important to know the driving factors behind multiple technologies adoption. The findings from this study should help to properly target farmers to increase the adoption rate of a desired BMP. Originality/value This is the first study in agriculture technology adoption literature that uses a conditional frailty model to understand why farmers wait to adopt a new technology. This study also addresses both dependence in BMP adoption and heterogeneity in farmers’ quality that impact technology adoption.

中文翻译：

---

采用最佳管理实践以减轻面源污染

目的本文的目的是解决采用多个最佳管理实践（BMP）时相关事件和个体异质性的问题。设计/方法/方法作者使用从美国路易斯安那州的肉鸡生产商那里收集的调查数据。作者估计了几种持续时间模型，这些模型考虑了事件依赖性或异质性或两者兼而有之。结果有条件脆弱模型的结果表明，大型养殖场较早采用BMP，长期从事肉鸡养殖专业的农民采用BMP较晚，而通过与推广人员和教育联系，知识渊博的农民是BMP的较早采用。研究的局限性/意义本研究的局限性在于，作者没有使用更严格的方法（例如经验模拟方法）来验证条件脆弱模型的鲁棒性。实际意义许多农民在新技术出现后并没有立即采用新技术。持续时间模型有助于了解农民为什么要等以及他们采用新技术之前要等多久。在相关事件中，农民采用多种技术，了解多种技术采用的驱动因素很重要。这项研究的结果应有助于适当地针对农民，以提高所需BMP的采用率。原创性/价值这是农业技术采用文献中的第一项研究，该研究使用条件脆弱模型来了解农民为什么要等待采用新技术。这项研究还解决了对BMP采用的依赖和影响技术采用的农民质量异质性。