The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of firms’ general and specific human capital on the export propensity and intensity.,The resource-based view of the firm provides the theoretical background to examine export performance. Empirical analysis is carried out using a national representative sample of Spanish manufacturing firms and employing Logit and Tobit models. Export performance is evaluated in a dual way, as export propensity and export intensity. In relation to human capital a distinction is made between general and specific human capital.,The results shown that differences exist in the effect of general and specific human capital. While the firms’ general human capital (education of the firm’s employees) affects both export propensity and intensity, only some dimensions of specific human capital (employees’ experience at the workplace) affects export propensity and intensity but no the employees’ training. Moreover, the firms’ general human capital generates greater changes than the effect of specific human capital on the export behavior.,This paper extends a line of research underexplored in the literature by analyzing the effect of organizational human capital on the firm’s export performance; moreover, it is the first study for Spanish manufacturing firms; the distinction between general and specific human capital enhances our comprehension of the human capital as a determinant of export performance. In relation to the specific human capital, besides training, we add a new variable related to experience at the workplace.

中文翻译：

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西班牙制造公司的人力资本和出口绩效

本文的目的是研究企业的一般人力资本和特定人力资本对出口倾向和强度的影响。企业的基于资源的观点为检验出口绩效提供了理论背景。使用西班牙制造公司的国家代表性样本并采用Logit和Tobit模型进行实证分析。出口绩效以出口倾向和出口强度双重评估。关于人力资本，一般人力资本和特定人力资本之间存在区别。结果表明，一般人力资本和特定人力资本的效果存在差异。虽然公司的一般人力资本（对公司员工的教育）影响着出口倾向和强度，仅特定人力资本的某些方面（员工在工作场所的经验）会影响出口的倾向和强度，而不会影响员工的培训。此外，与一般人力资本对出口行为的影响相比，企业的一般人力资本产生的变化更大。本文通过分析组织人力资本对企业出口绩效的影响，扩展了文献中未探讨的研究范围。此外，这是西班牙制造企业的首次研究。一般人力资本和特殊人力资本之间的区别增强了我们对人力资本作为出口绩效决定因素的理解。关于特定的人力资本，除了培训外，我们还添加了一个与工作场所经验相关的新变量。