This paper examines the determinants of the demand for female workers, focusing on the role of information and communication technology (ICT) and offshoring. Estimating a system of variable factor demands for manufacturing industries between 1980 and 2011, we find that, whereas the ICT capital stock has significantly positive effects on the demand for low-, middle-high-, and high-skilled female workers, it has significantly negative effects on the demand for middle-low-skilled female workers. In contrast, offshoring has insignificant effects on the demand for female workers, which suggests that offshoring is at least neutral on the demand for female workers.

中文翻译：

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日本对女工的需求：信息通信技术和离岸外包的作用

本文研究了对女工需求的决定因素，重点关注信息和通信技术 (ICT) 和离岸外包的作用。对 1980 年至 2011 年制造业可变要素需求系统进行测算，我们发现，虽然 ICT 资本存量对低、中、高技能女性劳动力的需求具有显着的正向影响，但对对中低技能女工需求的负面影响。相比之下，离岸外包对女工需求的影响微乎其微，这表明离岸外包对女工的需求至少是中性的。