By favoring early diagnosis, mammography screening decreases breast cancer mortality and treatment costs. However, participation in public screening programs is low in many countries. We ran a randomized field experiment to assess whether costless manipulations of the informational content (restricted or enhanced information) and the framing (gain or loss framing) of the invitation letter to the breast cancer screening program in Messina (Italy) affects participation. We show that giving enhanced loss-framed information about the risks of not having a mammography increases the take-up. This manipulation is most effective among subgroups with lower baseline take-ups, thereby reducing inequalities in screening. Finally, subjects exposed to this manipulation are much less likely to postpone the screening conditional on participation, revealing enhanced awareness about the risks related with delayed participation.

中文翻译：

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坏消息的好结果。格式化乳腺癌筛查邀请函的现场实验

通过有利于早期诊断，乳腺钼靶筛查可以降低乳腺癌的死亡率和治疗费用。但是，在许多国家，参与公众筛查计划的人数很少。我们进行了一项随机现场实验，以评估对信息内容（受限制或增强的信息）进行无成本的操纵以及向墨西拿（意大利）乳腺癌筛查计划的邀请函的框架（收益或损失框架）是否会影响参与。我们表明，提供有关没有进行乳房X线照相的风险的增强的丢失框信息会增加使用率。在基线摄取量较低的亚组中，这种操作最为有效，从而减少了筛查的不平等。最后，受此操作影响的对象因参与条件而推迟筛查的可能性要小得多，