When educational leaders think about how to solve problems, we expect them to identify a problem, think about causes and a theory of action, implement changes, and reflect on effects. This straightforward sequence is actually quite challenging. Through writings and interviews collected over 2 years within a doctor of education program, this study examines leaders’ problem solving in real-life organizational improvement projects. From data on nine cohort members’ thinking, the study distills a set of heuristics frequently deployed: defining problems as the absence of preferred solutions, conceiving of change as filling an empty vessel, understanding learning as implementing, aiming at conventions, and seeing “rationality” in adopting “what works.”

中文翻译：

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解决实践中的现实问题和教育领导者的学校改进思维定势

当教育领导者考虑如何解决问题时，我们希望他们能够识别问题，思考原因和行动理论，实施变革并反思效果。这个简单的序列实际上非常具有挑战性。通过在教育博士项目中收集超过 2 年的写作和采访，本研究考察了领导者在现实生活中的组织改进项目中解决问题的能力。该研究从九个队列成员的思维数据中提炼出一组经常使用的启发式方法：将问题定义为缺乏首选解决方案，将变革设想为填补空容器，将学习理解为实施，针对惯例，以及看到“理性”。 ”在采用“有效的方法”时。