In searching for conceptualizations that offer an alternative perspective to “entrepreneurial opportunities”, the notion of external enablers has recently been suggested for capturing the influence on entrepreneurial action and outcomes exerted by external conditions like new technologies, regulatory or demographic shifts, and changes to the socio-cultural, economic, political, or natural environments. We take the external enabler perspective several steps further. We develop a new framework that conceptualizes external enablers in terms of their characteristics, roles, and mechanisms and detail their implications for entrepreneurial action and outcomes. We argue that this framework provides a more productive perspective for theorizing about the influence of external, actor-independent factors on venture creation processes than Discovery Theory’s notion of objective, pre-existing opportunities. At the same time, it is compatible with the dynamic-agentic view of new venture creation proposed by varieties of Creation Theory. For researchers who are interested in instances of societal change from a sociological or historical vantage point, the framework facilitates theorizing across such instances and about the microfoundations of aggregate-level changes. Additional domains that can benefit from our new framework include design- and strategy-oriented research and practice.

中文翻译：

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新创企业的外部支持：框架

在寻找可以为“创业机会”提供另类观点的概念时，最近提出了外部推动者的概念，以捕捉对企业家行为和新技术，监管或人口变化以及外部环境变化等外部条件施加的结果的影响。社会文化，经济，政治或自然环境。我们将外部促成因素的观点进一步推进了几步。我们开发了一个新框架，该框架从外部促成者的特征，角色和机制方面将其概念化，并详细说明了它们对创业行为和成果的影响。我们认为，该框架为理论分析外部，风险创造过程中与行为者无关的因素，而不是发现理论的客观，既有机会的概念。同时，它与各种创造论所提出的新创企业的动态代理观点兼容。对于那些从社会学或历史学角度对社会变化的实例感兴趣的研究人员，该框架有助于在这种情况下进行理论研究，并有助于总体水平变化的微观基础。可以从我们的新框架中受益的其他领域包括面向设计和策略的研究与实践。对于那些从社会学或历史学角度对社会变化的实例感兴趣的研究人员，该框架有助于在这种情况下进行理论研究，并有助于总体水平变化的微观基础。可以从我们的新框架中受益的其他领域包括面向设计和策略的研究与实践。对于那些从社会学或历史学角度对社会变化的实例感兴趣的研究人员，该框架有助于在这种情况下进行理论研究，并有助于总体水平变化的微观基础。可以从我们的新框架中受益的其他领域包括面向设计和策略的研究与实践。