Previous research on stigma reduction has been primarily confined to single industries. However, industry boundaries are porous in the eyes of audience members and hardly can act as artificial confines to moral re-evaluations. We contend that evaluative spillovers induced by stigma reduction in a focal industry diffuse to other industries that share the same vilifying label when (a) they possess the morally approved attribute that underlies the reduction of stigma, and (b) the morally approved attribute is embedded in formal rules and procedures that ensure the desired purposes. Empirically, we focus our tests on the legalization of marijuana as a medicine in several U.S. states during the period 2000–2015, which has reduced the “vice” stigma around marijuana by highlighting the “health safety” attribute of marijuana, namely its safe consumption and potential health benefits. We show that legalization generated evaluative spillovers to other “vice” industries sharing the same health safety attribute as marijuana (i.e., alcohol), but not to those that did not share it (i.e., tobacco). Those spillovers were primarily observed when the law was accompanied by a patient registration system that highlighted the health safety attribute of marijuana, by limiting its use to medical purposes.

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独特但不分离？减少污名和跨行业评估溢出：医用大麻合法化案例

以前关于减少污名化的研究主要局限于单个行业。然而，行业界限在观众眼中是漏洞百出的，几乎不能作为道德重新评估的人为限制。我们认为，当（a）他们拥有减少污名的道德认可属性，以及（b）道德认可的属性被嵌入在正式的规则和程序中，以确保达到预期的目的。根据经验，我们将测试重点放在 2000 年至 2015 年期间美国几个州将大麻作为一种药物合法化，这通过突出大麻的“健康安全”属性减少了围绕大麻的“恶习”污名，即其安全食用和潜在的健康益处。我们表明，合法化对与大麻具有相同健康安全属性的其他“副”行业（即酒精）产生了评估溢出效应，但不会对那些不具有相同健康安全属性的行业（即烟草）产生影响。这些溢出效应主要是在法律附有患者登记系统时观察到的，该系统强调了大麻的健康安全属性，将其使用限制为医疗目的。