Very fast ripples (VFRs, 500–1000Hz) are considered more specific than high-frequency oscillations (80–500Hz) as biomarkers of epileptogenic zones. Although VFRs are frequent abnormal phenomena in epileptic seizures, their functional roles remain unclear. Here, we detected the VFRs in the hippocampal network and tracked their roles during status epilepticus (SE) in rats with pilocarpine-induced temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). All regions in the hippocampal network exhibited VFRs in the baseline, preictal, ictal and postictal states, with the ictal state containing the most VFRs. Moreover, strong phase-locking couplings existed between VFRs and slow oscillations (1–12Hz) in the ictal and postictal states for all regions. Further investigation indicated that during VFRs, the build-up of slow oscillations in the ictal state began from the temporal lobe and then spread through the whole hippocampal network via two different pathways, which might be associated with the underlying propagation of epileptiform discharges in the hippocampal network. Overall, we provide a functional description of the emergence of VFRs in the hippocampal network during SE, and we also establish that VFRs may be the physiological representation of the pathological alterations in hippocampal network activity during SE in TLE.

中文翻译：

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癫痫持续状态期间海马网络中极快纹波 (500–1000Hz) 的作用

非常快的纹波（VFR，500–1000Hz）被认为比高频振荡（80-500Hz）作为致癫痫区的生物标志物。尽管 VFR 是癫痫发作中常见的异常现象，但其功能作用仍不清楚。在这里，我们检测了海马网络中的 VFR，并追踪了它们在毛果芸香碱诱发的颞叶癫痫 (TLE) 大鼠癫痫持续状态 (SE) 期间的作用。海马网络中的所有区域在基线、发作前、发作期和发作后状态下都表现出 VFR，其中发作期包含最多的 VFR。此外，VFR 和慢振荡之间存在强锁相耦合（1-12Hz）在所有地区的发作期和发作后状态。进一步的研究表明，在 VFR 期间，发作期缓慢振荡的建立从颞叶开始，然后通过两种不同的途径传播到整个海马网络，这可能与海马中癫痫样放电的潜在传播有关网络。总体而言，我们提供了 SE 期间海马网络中 VFR 出现的功能描述，我们还确定 VFR 可能是 TLE 期间 SE 期间海马网络活动病理改变的生理表现。