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A Volume-limited Sample of Ultracool Dwarfs. I. Construction, Space Density, and a Gap in the L/T Transition
The Astronomical Journal ( IF 5.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-23 , DOI: 10.3847/1538-3881/abc893
William M. J. Best 1, 2 , Michael C. Liu 2 , Eugene A. Magnier 2 , Trent J. Dupuy 3, 4
Affiliation  

We present a new volume-limited sample of L0-T8 dwarfs out to 25 pc defined entirely by parallaxes, using our recent measurements from UKIRT/WFCAM along with Gaia DR2 and literature parallaxes. With 369 members, our sample is the largest parallax-defined volume-limited sample of L and T dwarfs to date, yielding the most precise space densities for such objects. We find the local L0-T8 dwarf population includes $5.5\%\pm1.3\%$ young objects ($\lesssim$200 Myr) and $2.6\%\pm1.6\%$ subdwarfs, as expected from recent studies favoring representative ages $\lesssim$4 Gyr for the ultracool field population. This is also the first volume-limited sample to comprehensively map the transition from L to T dwarfs (spectral types $\approx$L8-T4). After removing binaries, we identify a previously unrecognized, statistically significant (>4.4$\sigma$) gap $\approx$0.5 mag wide in $(J-K)_{\rm MKO}$ colors in the L/T transition, i.e., a lack of such objects in our volume-limited sample, implying a rapid phase of atmospheric evolution. In contrast, the most successful models of the L/T transition to date $-$ the "hybrid" models of Saumon & Marley (2008) $-$ predict a pile-up of objects at the same colors where we find a deficit, demonstrating the challenge of modeling the atmospheres of cooling brown dwarfs. Our sample illustrates the insights to come from even larger parallax-selected samples from the upcoming Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) by the Vera Rubin Obsevatory.

中文翻译:

体积有限的超冷矮人样本。一、建设、空间密度和L/T过渡的差距

我们使用我们最近从 UKIRT/WFCAM 以及 Gaia DR2 和文献视差获得的测量值,展示了一个新的体积受限的 L0-T8 矮人样本,最大为 25 pc,完全由视差定义。我们的样本有 369 名成员,是迄今为止最大的 L 和 T 矮星视差定义的体积限制样本,为此类天体提供了最精确的空间密度。我们发现当地的 L0-T8 矮人种群包括 $5.5\%\pm1.3\%$ 年轻天体($\lesssim$200 Myr)和 $2.6\%\pm1.6\%$ 亚矮星,正如最近有利于代表性年龄的研究所预期的那样$\lesssim$4 Gyr 用于超冷场人口。这也是第一个全面绘制从 L 到 T 矮星(光谱类型 $\approx$L8-T4)过渡的体积有限样本。删除二进制文件后,我们确定了以前无法识别的、具有统计意义的 (>4. 4$\sigma$) 差距 $\approx$0.5 mag 宽 $(JK)_{\rm MKO}$ 颜色在 L/T 转换中,即,在我们的体积有限的样本中缺乏这样的物体,这意味着快速大气演化阶段。相比之下,迄今为止最成功的 L/T 转换模型 $-$ Saumon & Marley (2008) $-$ 的“混合”模型预测了我们发现缺陷的相同颜色的物体堆积,展示了模拟冷却棕矮星大气的挑战。我们的样本说明了来自维拉鲁宾天文台即将进行的时空遗产调查 (LSST) 中更大视差选择样本的见解。迄今为止最成功的 L/T 转换模型 $-$ Saumon & Marley (2008) 的“混合”模型 $-$ 预测我们发现缺陷的相同颜色的物体堆积,证明了挑战模拟冷却褐矮星的大气层。我们的样本说明了来自维拉鲁宾天文台即将进行的时空遗产调查 (LSST) 中更大视差选择样本的见解。迄今为止最成功的 L/T 转换模型 $-$ Saumon & Marley (2008) 的“混合”模型 $-$ 预测我们发现缺陷的相同颜色的物体堆积,证明了挑战模拟冷却褐矮星的大气层。我们的样本说明了来自维拉鲁宾天文台即将进行的时空遗产调查 (LSST) 中更大视差选择样本的见解。
更新日期:2020-12-23
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