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Understanding Failure Modes of NSF/ANSI 53 Lead-Certified Point-of-Use Pitcher and Faucet Filters
Environmental Science & Technology Letters ( IF 8.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-23 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00709 Jeannie M. Purchase 1 , Rusty Rouillier 1 , Kelsey J. Pieper 2 , Marc Edwards 1
Environmental Science & Technology Letters ( IF 8.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-23 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00709 Jeannie M. Purchase 1 , Rusty Rouillier 1 , Kelsey J. Pieper 2 , Marc Edwards 1
Affiliation
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NSF/ANSI 53 lead-certified point-of-use filters (POUs) have been distributed to consumers in many cities facing lead-in-water crises including Washington, D.C., Flint, MI, Newark, NJ, and University Park, IL. After questions repeatedly arose about POU effectiveness in treating samples with relatively high levels of lead, we examined 10 POU pitcher and faucet filter brands under extreme conditions (e.g., ≤200% of rated capacity, influent lead levels of ≈1000 μg/L). Our tests sought to validate the successful performance documented in some field testing and replicate the underperformance observed in others. While verifying very good performance (i.e., <10 μg/L effluent lead) across most brands and situations, we encountered a few failures, including leaking units, premature clogging, and a filter with a large hole in the medium. We also synthesized waters with colloidal lead that proved to be especially difficult to treat, as evidenced by 50% of influent lead passing through some replicate POUs that would have passed NSF/ANSI 53 lead certification testing. While the POUs almost always dramatically reduced consumer lead exposure level, even when operated beyond their rated capacity, this study highlights instances in which treated water exceeded thresholds of 5, 10, and even 15 μg/L lead.
中文翻译：
了解NSF / ANSI 53铅认证的使用点投手和水龙头过滤器的故障模式
NSF / ANSI 53铅认证的使用点过滤器（POU）已分发给许多面临铅水危机的城市的消费者，包括华盛顿特区，弗林特，密歇根州，新泽西州纽瓦克和伊利诺伊大学公园。关于POU处理含铅量相对较高的样品的有效性反复出现疑问之后，我们在极端条件下（例如，额定容量≤200％，进水铅含量≈1000μg/ L）检查了10个POU投手和水龙头过滤器品牌。我们的测试试图验证在某些现场测试中记录的成功性能，并复制在其他一些测试中观察到的性能不佳的情况。在验证大多数品牌和情况下的良好性能（即出水铅<10μg/ L）时，我们遇到了一些故障，包括设备泄漏，过早堵塞以及过滤器的介质中有大孔。我们还合成了带有胶体铅的水，这种水被证明特别难以处理，有50％的进水铅通过了一些重复的POU，这些水已经通过NSF / ANSI 53铅认证测试。尽管POU几乎总是显着降低了消费者铅的暴露水平，即使在超出其额定容量的情况下运行，本研究也强调了处理水超过5、10甚至15μg/ L铅阈值的情况。
更新日期：2021-02-09
中文翻译：
了解NSF / ANSI 53铅认证的使用点投手和水龙头过滤器的故障模式
NSF / ANSI 53铅认证的使用点过滤器（POU）已分发给许多面临铅水危机的城市的消费者，包括华盛顿特区，弗林特，密歇根州，新泽西州纽瓦克和伊利诺伊大学公园。关于POU处理含铅量相对较高的样品的有效性反复出现疑问之后，我们在极端条件下（例如，额定容量≤200％，进水铅含量≈1000μg/ L）检查了10个POU投手和水龙头过滤器品牌。我们的测试试图验证在某些现场测试中记录的成功性能，并复制在其他一些测试中观察到的性能不佳的情况。在验证大多数品牌和情况下的良好性能（即出水铅<10μg/ L）时，我们遇到了一些故障，包括设备泄漏，过早堵塞以及过滤器的介质中有大孔。我们还合成了带有胶体铅的水，这种水被证明特别难以处理，有50％的进水铅通过了一些重复的POU，这些水已经通过NSF / ANSI 53铅认证测试。尽管POU几乎总是显着降低了消费者铅的暴露水平，即使在超出其额定容量的情况下运行，本研究也强调了处理水超过5、10甚至15μg/ L铅阈值的情况。
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