The impact of climate factors on the epidemiology of diseases in general and leishmaniasis in particular continues to be a subject of research and analysis. Changes in climatic parameters contribute to the creation of ecological conditions favorable to the multiplication of the vectors of certain diseases. With this in mind, this study presents an entomological survey conducted in Meknes prefecture and the study of the link between the abundance of sandflies, an indicator of the risk of leishmaniasis in a given area, and the climatic factors. Monthly trapping of this fauna was carried out during a year from March 2016 until April 2017 using adhesive traps. Climatic data from the region were used to determine the effect of climate on the distribution of sandflies. A total of 941 leishmaniasis vector specimens were captured. The dominant species is Ph. sergenti (73.32), followed by Ph. longicuspis (8.25%), then Ph. perniciosus (7.94%) and Ph. papatasi (6.31%). The sex ratio study showed that males are more abundant than females for all species. The seasonal fluctuation is bimodal with two peaks, the first in July and the second in September. The results show a positive correlation between temperature and abundance of sandflies (r = 0.99) and a negative correlation with humidity and precipitation with a correlation coefficient of r = −0.87 and r = −0.72. Indeed, the medium-term climatological forecasts are essential tools to develop a warning system for leishmaniasis.

中文翻译：

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气候因素对摩洛哥中部（梅克内斯州）利什曼病媒介季节性波动的影响

气候因素对一般疾病的流行病学尤其是利什曼病的影响仍然是研究和分析的主题。气候参数的变化有助于创造有利于某些疾病媒介繁殖的生态条件。考虑到这一点，本研究提出了在梅克内斯州进行的昆虫学调查，并研究了沙蝇的数量，给定区域中利什曼病风险的指标和气候因素之间的联系。从2016年3月到2017年4月，使用黏着器诱捕器对动物区隔每月进行一次诱捕。来自该地区的气候数据用于确定气候对沙蝇分布的影响。总共捕获了941个利什曼病载体样本。优势种是Sergenti（73.32），其次是Longicuspis（8.25％），然后是perniciosus（7.94％）和papatasi（6.31％）。性别比研究表明，所有物种中，雄性比雌性更为丰富。季节性波动是双峰的，有两个峰值，第一个在7月，第二个在9月。结果表明，温度与沙质丰度之间呈正相关（r  = 0.99），与湿度和降水量呈负相关，相关系数为r  = -0.87和r  = -0.72。的确，中期气候预报是开发利什曼病预警系统的重要工具。