Despite the progress observed in recent years, women are still underrepresented in science worldwide, especially at top positions. Many factors contribute to women progressively leaving academia at different stages of their career, including motherhood, harassment and conscious and unconscious discrimination. Implicit bias plays a major negative role in recognition, promotions and career advancement of female scientists. Recently, a rank on the most influential scientists in the world was created based on several metrics, including the number of published papers and citations. Here, we analyzed the representation of Brazilian scientists in this rank, focusing on gender. Female Brazilian scientists are greatly underrepresented in the rank (11% in the Top 100,000; 18% in the Top 2%). Male scientists have more self-citation than female scientists and positions in the rank varied when self-citations were included, suggesting that self-citation by male scientists increases their visibility. Moreover, male scientists had more papers never cited than female scientists. Possible reasons for this observed scenario are related to the metrics used to rank scientists, since these metrics reproduce and amplify the well-known implicit bias in peer-review and citations. Discussions on the repercussions of such ranks are pivotal to avoid deepening the gender gap in science.

中文翻译：

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100,000位最具影响力的科学家排名：学术界中巴西女性的代表性不足。

尽管近年来观察到了进步，但是女性在全球科学领域的代表性仍然不足，尤其是在高层职位上。许多因素导致妇女在职业生涯的不同阶段逐渐离开学术界，包括母亲身份，骚扰以及有意识和无意识的歧视。内隐偏见在女性科学家的认可，晋升和职业发展中起着主要的负面作用。最近，根据包括出版论文和引文在内的多种指标，对世界上最有影响力的科学家进行了排名。在这里，我们分析了巴西科学家在这一排名中的代表性，重点是性别。在排名中，巴西女性科学家所占的比例非常低（在前100,000名中占11％；在前2％中占18％）。男性科学家比女性科学家有更多的自我引文，并且在包括自我引文的情况下，排名也有所不同，这表明男性科学家的自我引文增加了他们的知名度。此外，男性科学家从未引用的论文多于女性科学家。这种观察到的情况的可能原因与用于对科学家进行排名的指标有关，因为这些指标会复制并放大同行评议和引用中众所周知的隐性偏见。为了避免加深科学领域的性别鸿沟，对此类职位的影响进行讨论至关重要。这种观察到的情况的可能原因与用于对科学家进行排名的指标有关，因为这些指标会复制并放大同行评议和引用中众所周知的隐性偏见。为了避免加深科学领域的性别鸿沟，对此类职位的影响进行讨论至关重要。这种观察到的情况的可能原因与用于对科学家进行排名的指标有关，因为这些指标会复制并放大同行评议和引用中众所周知的隐性偏见。为了避免加深科学领域的性别鸿沟，对此类职位的影响进行讨论至关重要。