During outbursts, the observational properties of black hole X-ray binaries (BHXBs) vary on timescales of days to months. These relatively short timescales make these systems ideal laboratories to probe the coupling between accreting material and outflowing jets as a the accretion rate varies. In particular, the origin of the hard X-ray emission is poorly understood and highly debated. This spectral component, which has a power-law shape, is due to Comptonisation of photons near the black hole, but it is unclear whether it originates in the accretion flow itself, or at the base of the jet, or possibly the interface region between them. In this paper we explore the disk-jet connection by modelling the multi-wavelength emission of MAXI J1836-194 during its 2011 outburst. We combine radio through X-ray spectra, X-ray timing information, and a robust joint-fitting method to better isolate the jet’s physical properties. Our results demonstrate that the jet base can produce power-law hard X-ray emission in this system/outburst, provided that its base is fairly compact and that the temperatures of the emitting electrons are sub-relativistic. Because of energetic considerations, our model favours mildly pair-loaded jets carrying at least 20 pairs per proton. Finally, we find that the properties of the X-ray power spectrum are correlated with the jet properties, suggesting that an underlying physical process regulates both.

中文翻译：

---

在微型耀变体 MAXI J1836-194 的演化射流中关联光谱和时间特性

在爆发期间，黑洞 X 射线双星 (BHXB) 的观测特性在数天到数月的时间尺度上变化。这些相对较短的时间尺度使这些系统成为探测随着吸积率变化而吸积物质和流出射流之间的耦合的理想实验室。特别是，硬X射线发射的起源知之甚少，争论不休。这种具有幂律形状的光谱分量是由于黑洞附近光子的压缩引起的，但尚不清楚它是起源于吸积流本身，还是喷流的底部，或者可能是两者之间的界面区域。他们。在本文中，我们通过模拟 MAXI J1836-194 在 2011 年爆发期间的多波长发射来探索圆盘喷射连接。我们通过 X 射线光谱、X 射线定时信息结合无线电，以及一种稳健的接头拟合方法，以更好地隔离射流的物理特性。我们的结果表明，射流底座可以在该系统/爆发中产生幂律硬 X 射线发射，前提是它的底座相当紧凑并且发射电子的温度是亚相对论的。由于能量方面的考虑，我们的模型倾向于每个质子携带至少 20 对的轻度成对负载的喷流。最后，我们发现 X 射线功率谱的特性与射流特性相关，这表明潜在的物理过程调节了两者。前提是它的基极相当紧凑并且发射电子的温度是亚相对论的。由于能量方面的考虑，我们的模型倾向于每个质子携带至少 20 对的轻度成对负载的喷流。最后，我们发现 X 射线功率谱的特性与射流特性相关，这表明潜在的物理过程调节了两者。前提是它的基极相当紧凑并且发射电子的温度是亚相对论的。由于能量方面的考虑，我们的模型倾向于每个质子携带至少 20 对的轻度成对负载的喷流。最后，我们发现 X 射线功率谱的特性与射流特性相关，这表明潜在的物理过程调节了两者。