A combination of information from blood glucose (BG) and heart rate (HR) measurements has been proposed to investigate the HR changes related to nocturnal hypoglycemia (NH) episodes in pediatric subjects with type 1 diabetes (T1D), examining whether they could improve hypoglycemia prediction. We enrolled seventeen children and adolescents with T1D, monitored on average for 194 days. BG was detected by flash glucose monitoring devices, and HR was measured by wrist-worn fitness trackers. For each subject, we compared HR values recorded in the hour before NH episodes (before-hypoglycemia) with HR values recorded during sleep intervals without hypoglycemia (no-hypoglycemia). Furthermore, we investigated the behavior after the end of NH. Nine participants (53%) experienced at least three NH. Among these nine subjects, six (67%) showed a statistically significant difference between the before-hypoglycemia HR distribution and the no-hypoglycemia HR distribution. In all these six cases, the before-hypoglycemia HR median value was higher than the no-hypoglycemia HR median value. In almost all cases, HR values after the end of hypoglycemia remained higher compared to no-hypoglycemia sleep intervals. This exploratory study support that HR modifications occur during NH in T1D subjects. The identification of specific HR patterns can be helpful to improve NH detection and prevent fatal events.

中文翻译：

---

持续监测年轻人1型糖尿病患者的血糖和心率：夜间低血糖检测观点的探索性研究

已提出将血糖（BG）和心率（HR）测量信息结合在一起的方法，以研究与1型糖尿病（T1D）患儿夜间低血糖（NH）发作相关的HR变化，以检查它们是否可以改善低血糖预测。我们招募了17名患有T1D的儿童和青少年，平均监测194天。BG通过快速血糖监测设备检测，HR通过腕戴式健身追踪器进行测量。对于每位受试者，我们将NH发作前一小时记录的HR值（低血糖之前）与睡眠间隔期间记录的HR值进行了比较，无低血糖（无低血糖）。此外，我们调查了NH终止后的行为。9名参与者（53％）经历了至少3个NH。在这九个科目中，6名（67％）的人在低血糖前HR分布和无低血糖HR分布之间存在统计学差异。在这六种情况下，低血糖前HR中位数均高于无低血糖HR中位数。在几乎所有情况下，低血糖结束后的HR值均高于无低血糖的睡眠间隔。这项探索性研究支持在T1D受试者的NH期间发生HR改变。特定HR模式的识别有助于改善NH检测并预防致命事件。与无低血糖的睡眠间隔相比，低血糖结束后的HR值仍然更高。这项探索性研究支持在T1D受试者的NH期间发生HR改变。特定HR模式的识别有助于改善NH检测并预防致命事件。与无低血糖的睡眠间隔相比，低血糖结束后的HR值仍然更高。这项探索性研究支持在T1D受试者的NH期间发生HR改变。特定HR模式的识别有助于改善NH检测并预防致命事件。