The expansion of water-intensive industrial activities and the impacts of climate change are jeopardising the sufficiency of safe drinking water in several Southeast Asian countries. One is Viet Nam, where geogenic arsenic contamination further limits the availability of freshwater resources with a simultaneous increase in water demand. Innovative and sustainable water treatment technologies are required to meet these challenges. Equally, we assume that the provision of safe drinking water requires tailored business models (BMs). In this study, we focus on the key stakeholders and framework conditions to design tailored BMs providing safe drinking water to the low-income and middle-income population in Viet Nam. We consider decentralised technologies to be suitable due to their lower investment costs for implementation and the avoidance of strong path dependencies. We therefore conducted a literature review and interviews with international experts in the domain of decentralised water treatment technologies. Our results show that relevant aspects include a lack of financial resources, specific characteristics associated with Vietnamese culture, e.g. the importance of relationships and trust in the business domain, lack of education and vocational training, market saturation suggesting co-operation with existing water suppliers, lack of suitable partners, and deficiencies in the institutional environment.

耗水量大的工业活动的扩大以及气候变化的影响正在危及东南亚一些国家安全饮用水的充足性。越南就是其中之一，在这里，地源性砷污染进一步限制了淡水资源的供应，同时又增加了用水需求。需要创新和可持续的水处理技术来应对这些挑战。同样，我们假设提供安全的饮用水需要量身定制的商业模式（BMs）。在这项研究中，我们关注关键的利益相关者和框架条件，以设计量身定制的BM，为越南的低收入和中等收入人群提供安全的饮用水。我们认为分散式技术是合适的，因为它们的实施投资成本较低，并且避免了对路径的依赖性。因此，我们对分散水处理技术领域的国际专家进行了文献综述和访谈。我们的结果表明，相关方面包括缺乏资金来源，与越南文化相关的特定特征，例如，在业务领域建立关系和信任的重要性，缺乏教育和职业培训，市场饱和度表明与现有供水商的合作，缺乏合适的合作伙伴，体制环境不足。因此，我们对分散水处理技术领域的国际专家进行了文献综述和访谈。我们的结果表明，相关方面包括缺乏资金来源，与越南文化相关的特定特征，例如，在业务领域建立关系和信任的重要性，缺乏教育和职业培训，市场饱和度表明与现有供水商的合作，缺乏合适的合作伙伴，体制环境不足。因此，我们对分散水处理技术领域的国际专家进行了文献综述和访谈。我们的结果表明，相关方面包括缺乏资金来源，与越南文化相关的特定特征，例如，在业务领域建立关系和信任的重要性，缺乏教育和职业培训，市场饱和度表明与现有供水商的合作，缺乏合适的合作伙伴，体制环境不足。