Abstract

Heavy metals entered in the soil from numerous sources and reduce the crop growth, productivity, and the quality of the soil environment. Uptake of heavy metals by plants and microorganisms is synchronized through the influences of many factors, such as complex soil–plant and microorganism processes. Soil microorganisms are closely associated with soil fertility and are considered important indicators of healthy soils. Various microorganisms have different strategies and mechanisms for survival in heavy metal-contaminated environments such as biosorption, and secretion of compounds that form complexes with heavy metals. The present paper reviewed the recent literature pertaining to heavy metal uptake and tolerance mechanisms of the most important microbial genera viz Aeromonas, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas. This review also focused on the survival and adaptations of selected microbial genera in heavy metal polluted soil habitats which may be helpful in maintaining healthy conditions of agricultural soils. Overall, this review provided the comprehensive knowledge pertaining to heavy metals, their effects on living organisms, and the metal uptake and resistance mechanisms of the selected bacterial genera.

摘要

重金属从多种来源进入土壤，降低作物生长、生产力和土壤环境质量。植物和微生物对重金属的吸收是通过许多因素的影响同步的，例如复杂的土壤-植物和微生物过程。土壤微生物与土壤肥力密切相关，被认为是健康土壤的重要指标。各种微生物具有不同的策略和机制在重金属污染环境中生存，例如生物吸附和与重金属形成复合物的化合物的分泌。本文回顾了最近有关最重要的微生物属气单胞菌、芽孢杆菌的重金属吸收和耐受机制的文献。和假单胞菌。本综述还关注重金属污染土壤生境中选定微生物属的生存和适应情况，这可能有助于维持农业土壤的健康状况。总体而言，本综述提供了有关重金属、它们对生物体的影响以及所选细菌属的金属吸收和抗性机制的全面知识。