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Extreme precipitation events over northern Italy. Part II: Dynamical precursors
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society ( IF 3.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-24 , DOI: 10.1002/qj.3969
F. Grazzini 1, 2 , G. Fragkoulidis 3 , F. Teubler 3 , V. Wirth 3 , G. C. Craig 1
Affiliation  

The connection between weather extremes and Rossby wave packets (RWP) has been increasingly documented in recent years. RWP propagation and characteristics can modulate the midlatitude weather, setting the scene for temperature and precipitation extremes and controlling the geographical area affected. Several studies on extreme precipitation events (EPEs) in the Alpine area reported, as the main triggering factor, a meridionally elongated upper‐level trough as part of an incoming Rossby wave packet. In this work, we investigate a wide number of EPEs occurring between 1979 and 2015 in northern‐central Italy. The EPEs are subdivided into three categories (Cat1, Cat2, Cat3) according to thermodynamic conditions over the affected region. It is found that the three categories differ not only in terms of the local meteorological conditions, but also in terms of the evolution and properties of precursor RWPs. These differences cannot be solely explained by the apparent seasonality of the flow; therefore, the relevant physical processes in the RWP propagation of each case are further investigated. In particular, we show that RWPs associated with the strongest EPEs, namely the ones falling in Cat2, undergo a substantial amplification over the western North Atlantic due to anomalous ridge‐building 2 days before the event; arguably due to diabatic heating sources. This type of development induces a downstream trough which is highly effective in focusing water vapour transport toward the main orographic barriers of northern‐central Italy and favouring the occurrence of EPEs.

中文翻译:

意大利北部的极端降水事件。第二部分:动力前体

近年来,极端天气与Rossby波包(RWP)之间的联系已有越来越多的文献记载。RWP的传播和特征可以调节中纬度天气,为极端温度和降水设置场景,并控制受影响的地理区域。几个关于高山地区极端降水事件(EPEs)的研究报告说,作为主要触发因素,子午线拉长的上层低谷是进入的Rossby波包的一部分。在这项工作中,我们调查了意大利中北部在1979年至2015年之间发生的大量EPE。根据受影响区域的热力学条件,EPE分为三类(Cat1,Cat2,Cat3)。发现这三个类别不仅在当地气象条件方面有所不同,而且还涉及前体RWP的演变和特性。这些差异不能仅通过流量的明显季节性来解释。因此,将进一步研究每种情况下RWP传播中的相关物理过程。特别是,我们表明,与最强EPE相关的RWP(即属于Cat2的EWP)在事件发生前两天因山脊构造异常而在北大西洋西部经历了大幅放大。可以说是由于绝热的热源。这种类型的发展导致了下游槽,该槽在将水蒸气输送到意大利中北部的主要地形障碍方面非常有效,并有利于EPE的出现。这些差异不能仅通过流量的明显季节性来解释。因此,将进一步研究每种情况下RWP传播中的相关物理过程。特别是,我们表明,与最强EPE相关的RWP(即属于Cat2的EWP)在事件发生前两天因山脊构造异常而在北大西洋西部经历了大幅放大。可以说是由于绝热的热源。这种类型的发展导致了下游槽,该槽在将水蒸气输送到意大利中北部的主要地形障碍方面非常有效,并有利于EPE的出现。这些差异不能仅通过流量的明显季节性来解释。因此,将进一步研究每种情况下RWP传播中的相关物理过程。特别是,我们表明,与最强EPE相关的RWP(即属于Cat2的EWP)在事件发生前两天因山脊构造异常而在北大西洋西部经历了大幅放大。可以说是由于绝热的热源。这种类型的发展导致了下游槽,该槽在将水蒸气输送到意大利中北部的主要地形障碍方面非常有效,并有利于EPE的出现。我们显示,与最强EPE相关的RWP(即落在Cat2中的那些)由于事件发生前2天的异常山脊构造而在北大西洋西部经历了大幅放大;可以说是由于绝热的热源。这种类型的发展导致了下游槽,该槽在将水蒸气输送到意大利中北部的主要地形障碍方面非常有效,并有利于EPE的出现。我们显示,与最强EPE相关的RWP(即落在Cat2中的那些)由于事件发生前两天的异常山脊构造而在北大西洋西部经历了大幅放大;可以说是由于绝热的热源。这种类型的发展导致了下游槽,该槽在将水蒸气输送到意大利中北部的主要地形障碍方面非常有效,并有利于EPE的出现。
更新日期:2020-12-24
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