Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) have been emerged as a novel class of molecular regulators in cancer. They are dysregulated in many types of cancer; however, there is not enough knowledge available on their expression and functional profiles. Lung cancer is the leading cause of the cancer deaths worldwide. Generally, lncRNAs may be associated with lung tumor pathogenesis and they may act as biomarkers for the cancer prognosis and diagnosis. Compared to other invasive prognostic and diagnostic methods, detection of lncRNAs might be a user-friendly and noninvasive method. In this review article, we selected 27 tumor-associated lncRNAs by literature reviewing to further discussing in detail for using as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in lung cancer. Also, in an in silico target analysis, the "Experimentally supported functional regulation" approach of the LncTarD web tool was used to identifying the target genes and regulatory mechanisms of the selected lncRNAs. The reports on diagnostic and prognostic potential of all selected lncRNAs were discussed. However, the target genes and regulatory mechanisms of the 22 lncRNAs were identified by in silico analysis and we found the pathways that are controlled by each target group of lncRNAs. They use epigenetic mechanisms, ceRNA mechanisms, protein interaction and sponge mechanism. Also, 10, 23, 5, and 28 target genes for each of these mechanisms were identified, respectively. Finally, each group of target genes controls 50, 12, 7, and 2 molecular pathways, respectively. In conclusion, LncRNAs could be used as biomarkers in lung cancer due to their roles in control of several signaling pathways related to lung tumors. Also, it seems that lncRNAs, which use epigenetic mechanisms for modulating a large number of pathways, could be considered as important subjects for lung cancer-related diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.

中文翻译：

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长链非编码 RNA 作为肺癌预后和诊断的潜在生物标志物：综述和靶点分析

长链非编码 RNA (lncRNA) 已成为癌症中一类新型的分子调节因子。它们在许多类型的癌症中失调；然而，关于它们的表达和功能特征的知识还不够。肺癌是全球癌症死亡的主要原因。一般来说，lncRNAs可能与肺肿瘤的发病机制有关，它们可能作为癌症预后和诊断的生物标志物。与其他侵入性预后和诊断方法相比，lncRNA 检测可能是一种用户友好且无创的方法。在这篇综述文章中，我们通过文献回顾选择了 27 个肿瘤相关的 lncRNA，以进一步详细讨论用作肺癌的诊断和预后生物标志物。此外，在计算机目标分析中，“ 由于 LncRNA 在控制与肺肿瘤相关的几种信号通路中的作用，它们可用作肺癌的生物标志物。此外，使用表观遗传机制调节大量通路的 lncRNA 似乎可以被视为肺癌相关诊断和预后生物标志物的重要对象。