Dysfunction of the immune system underlies a plethora of human diseases, requiring the development of immunomodulatory therapeutic intervention. To date, most strategies employed have been focusing on the modification of T lymphocytes, and although remarkable improvement has been obtained, results often fall short of the intended outcome. Recent cutting‐edge technologies have highlighted macrophages as potential targets for disease control. Macrophages play central roles in development, homeostasis and host defence, and their dysfunction and dysregulation have been implicated in the onset and pathogenesis of multiple disorders including cancer, neurodegeneration, autoimmunity and metabolic diseases. Recent advancements have led to a greater understanding of macrophage origin, diversity and function, in both health and disease. Over the last few years, a variety of strategies targeting macrophages have been developed and these open new therapeutic opportunities. Here, we review the progress in macrophage reprogramming in various disorders and discuss the potential implications and challenges for macrophage‐targeted approaches in human disease.

中文翻译：

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用于治疗的巨噬细胞重编程

免疫系统功能障碍是众多人类疾病的基础，需要开发免疫调节治疗干预措施。迄今为止，所采用的大多数策略都集中在 T 淋巴细胞的修饰上，虽然取得了显着的改善，但结果往往达不到预期的结果。最近的尖端技术强调巨噬细胞是疾病控制的潜在目标。巨噬细胞在发育、体内平衡和宿主防御中发挥核心作用，其功能障碍和失调与多种疾病的发病和发病机制有关，包括癌症、神经变性、自身免疫和代谢疾病。最近的进展使人们对巨噬细胞的起源、多样性和功能有了更深入的了解，包括健康和疾病。在过去的几年里，已经开发了多种针对巨噬细胞的策略，这些策略开辟了新的治疗机会。在这里，我们回顾了巨噬细胞重编程在各种疾病中的进展，并讨论了巨噬细胞靶向方法在人类疾病中的潜在影响和挑战。