Efforts to restore river ecosystem connectivity focus predominantly on diadromous, economically important fish species, and less attention is given to nonmigratory, small-bodied, benthic fish species. Data on benthic fish swimming performance and behaviour in comparison with ecologically similar native species are especially relevant for the study of one of the most successful invaders in the last decades: the Ponto-Caspian gobiid species Neogobius melanostomus. To evaluate future measures against its further upstream dispersal, we conducted comparative swimming performance and behaviour experiments with round goby and two native species: the European bullhead (Cottus gobio) and the gudgeon (Gobio gobio). Experiments in a swim tunnel revealed a high variation in the swimming performance and behaviour within and among the three species. Gudgeon performed best in both U_crit and U_sprint experiments and displayed a rather continuous, subcarangiform swimming mode, whereas bullhead and round goby displayed a burst-and-hold swimming mode. Experiments in a vertical slot pass model, which contained a hydraulic barrier as a challenge to upstream movement, confirmed the high swimming performance of gudgeon. Gudgeon dispersed upstream even across the hydraulic barrier at the highest flow velocities. Round goby showed a higher capability to disperse upstream than bullhead, but failed to pass the hydraulic barrier. Our results on comparative swimming performance and behaviour can inform predictive distribution modelling and range expansion models, and also inform the design of selective barriers to prevent the round goby from dispersing farther upstream.

中文翻译：

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比较三种底栖鱼类的游泳性能和行为：侵入性虾虎鱼（Neogobius melanostomus），原生bull头（Cottus gobio）和原生native鱼（Gobio gobio）

恢复河流生态系统连通性的努力主要集中在具有重要经济意义的过水鱼类，而对非迁徙，小体底栖鱼类的关注则较少。与底栖鱼类游动性能和行为相比，与生态上相似的本地物种相比的数据与最近几十年来最成功的入侵者之一的研究特别相关：蓬图里海的戈壁鱼物种 Neogobius melanostomus。为了评估针对其进一步向上游扩散的未来措施，我们对圆形虾虎鱼和两种本地物种：欧洲head鱼（Cottus gobio）和g鱼（Gobio gobio）进行了比较游泳性能和行为的实验）。在游泳隧道中进行的实验表明，这三种物种之间的游泳性能和行为存在很大差异。Gudgeon在U _crit 和U _sprint中均表现最佳 实验并显示出相当连续的，亚carangiangiform游泳模式，而bull鱼和圆虾虎鱼则显示了爆发并保持的游泳模式。在垂直槽通道模型中进行的实验（其中包含对上游运动的挑战的水力屏障）证实了棍棒的高游泳性能。udge子甚至以最高流速分散在整个液压障碍物的上游。圆虾虎鱼比牛头鱼具有更高的驱散上游能力，但没有通过水力屏障。我们在比较游泳性能和行为方面的结果可以为预测性分布建模和范围扩展模型提供依据，也可以为选择性围栏的设计提供依据，以防止环虾虎鱼向更远的上游扩散。