This paper presents the results of high‐resolution sedimentological analyses of sediment cores from the eastern Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea). Sampling sites in the periphery of sedimentary basins were selected on the basis of acoustic profiling analyses. The research allowed tracing of the transition from the freshwater Ancylus Lake to the Littorina Sea. A specific transitional layer of ‘blue clays’, indicating the first stage of brackish water inflow into the Gulf of Finland, was dated to 9.1 ka BP. The date of first appearance of Littorina silty clay sedimentation was as follows: from 8.0 ka BP near Gogland Island, from 7.0 ka BP near Moshchny Island and from 5.9 ka BP near the Berezovye Islands. Holocene cycles of hypoxia, associated with periods of warming, were identified and cycles of ‘warming – transgression – anoxic conditions’ and ‘cooling – regression – oxygen‐rich conditions’ were revealed. During the first stage of Littorina transgression (8.0–7.0 ka BP), the near‐bottom environment in the deepest sedimentary basin of the eastern Gulf of Finland was characterized by oxygen deficiency. In contrast, 7.0–6.0 ka BP was dominated by oxygen‐rich conditions and active processes of bioturbation. Anoxic conditions occurred again from 6.0–4.8 ka BP (Holocene Climatic Optimum), resulting in the accumulation of undisturbed silty clays with subhorizontal lamination. The interval from 4.8–2.0 ka was then characterized by oxygen‐rich near‐bottom conditions favourable for benthic organisms. The grain‐size distributions throughout the sediment cores from the easternmost sedimentary basins suggest a relative lowering of the sea level from 3.5–1.8 ka and a rise after 1.8 ka BP.

中文翻译：

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全新世中期至晚期气候变化对芬兰东部海湾沉积过程的影响

本文介绍了来自芬兰东部海湾（波罗的海）的沉积岩心的高分辨率沉积学分析结果。根据声波剖面分析结果，选择了沉积盆地外围的采样地点。研究允许追踪从淡水安塞洛斯湖到立托里纳海的过渡。特定的过渡层“蓝色粘土”可追溯到9.1 ka BP，表明咸水首先进入芬兰湾。Littorina粉质粘土沉积物的首次出现日期如下：从Gogland岛附近的8.0 ka BP开始，从Moshchny岛附近的7.0 ka BP和从Berezovye岛附近的5.9 ka BP开始。全新世的缺氧循环，伴随着变暖的时期，确定了“升温-越境-缺氧条件”和“冷却-回归-富氧条件”的循环。在立陶宛海侵的第一阶段（8.0-7.0 ka BP），芬兰东部海湾最深沉积盆地的近底环境以缺氧为特征。相反，7.0–6.0 ka BP被富氧条件和活跃的生物扰动过程所支配。缺氧条件再次发生于6.0–4.8 ka BP（全新世气候最佳），导致未受干扰的粉质黏土在水平水平下的堆积。4.8–2.0 ka的时间间隔的特征是对底栖生物有利的富氧近底条件。