Self-Injurious behavior in rhesus macaques: Issues and challenges,American Journal of Primatology

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Self-Injurious behavior in rhesus macaques: Issues and challenges
American Journal of Primatology ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-23 , DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23222
Melinda A Novak _{1,

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Affiliation

Some monkeys housed in research facilities develop abnormal behavior ranging from stereotypic to the more serious condition of self-injurious behavior (SIB). We initially sought to understand how and why monkeys engaged in SIB and more importantly why only a small percentage of laboratory monkeys, with seemingly similar housing and background, developed this disorder. Of particular importance was the recognition that different pathways might lead to SIB and that strong individual differences would affect the manifestation of this disorder and the response to treatment. We developed a comprehensive plan to identify effective treatment and prevention strategies. We started with characterizing the disorder in terms of prevalence and types of environments in which it was found. We then conducted observations on a cohort of SIB and control monkeys to identify conditions associated with SIB (e.g., disordered sleep) as well as clinical disease states and congenital defects that could be precipitating factors. We examined the environmental events that triggered episodes of SIB in monkeys with the disorder and evaluated three models that might explain the reinforcement contingencies associated with SIB, including tension reduction, self-stimulation, and social communication. Possible treatments for SIB such as environmental enrichment, social housing, and pharmacotherapy were tested by our group and others. To date, no single treatment has been found to abolish SIB, and each of these treatments is impacted by individual differences. To develop possible prevention strategies, we examined colony management and health records to find risk factors for SIB. These risk factors generalized to other facilities, and considerable effort was expended by all behavioral managers at these facilities to reduce early life stress exposure, to minimize the length of individual cage housing by emphasizing pair housing, and to reduce the possible stressfulness of various veterinary/medical procedures by implementing positive reinforcement training.

中文翻译：

恒河猴的自伤行为：问题和挑战

一些研究设施中的猴子会出现从刻板印象到更严重的自伤行为 (SIB) 的异常行为。我们最初试图了解猴子如何以及为什么会参与 SIB，更重要的是为什么只有一小部分具有相似住房和背景的实验室猴子会患上这种疾病。特别重要的是认识到不同的途径可能导致 SIB，强烈的个体差异会影响这种疾病的表现和对治疗的反应。我们制定了一个综合计划来确定有效的治疗和预防策略。我们首先根据患病率和发现它的环境类型来表征这种疾病。然后，我们对一组 SIB 和对照猴子进行了观察，以确定与 SIB 相关的状况（例如，睡眠障碍）以及可能是诱发因素的临床疾病状态和先天性缺陷。我们检查了在患有该疾病的猴子中引发 SIB 发作的环境事件，并评估了可能解释与 SIB 相关的强化意外事件的三个模型，包括张力降低、自我刺激和社交交流。我们小组和其他人测试了 SIB 的可能治疗方法，如环境丰富、社会住房和药物治疗。迄今为止，尚未发现单一治疗可以消除 SIB，并且这些治疗中的每一种都受到个体差异的影响。制定可能的预防策略，我们检查了菌落管理和健康记录，以找出 SIB 的风险因素。这些风险因素普遍适用于其他设施，这些设施的所有行为管理人员都付出了相当大的努力来减少早期生活压力暴露，通过强调配对饲养来最小化单个笼舍的长度，并减少各种兽医/通过实施积极强化培训的医疗程序。

更新日期：2020-12-23

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