Rational construction of transitional metal oxides electrode materials with suitable structure and composition is an effective strategy of improving their electrochemical performance. Herein, novel MCo₂O₄ hierarchical nanofibers (H-MCo₂O₄NFs, M = Ni, Co and Mn) were fabricated by a multi-step self-templating method using electrospun nanofibers as precursors. Benefiting from the unique structure, such as numerous of vertically interlinked nanosheets on the surface and 1D interwoven nanofibers networks, the obtained HNiCo₂O₄NFs electrode exhibits a high specific capacitance of 1750 F g⁻¹ (At a current density of 0.5 A g⁻¹), good rate capability (Capacitance retention of 70% at 20 A g⁻¹), and outstanding cycling stability (Capacitance retention of 92% after 6000 cycles). Moreover, the solid-state hybrid supercapacitor assembled by HNiCo₂O₄NFs and activated carbon (AC), delivers a high energy density of 38.4 Wh kg⁻¹ at a power density of 800 W kg⁻¹, and excellent cycling stability. Thus, the HNiCo₂O₄NFs is a promising candidate material for supercapacitors electrode and this self-templating method in this work also provides a new path for the preparation of one-dimensional hierarchical metallic oxides.

合理构造具有适当结构和组成的过渡金属氧化物电极材料是提高其电化学性能的有效策略。在此，以电纺纳米纤维为前体，通过多步骤自模板法制备了新颖的MCo ₂ O ₄分级纳米纤维（H-MCo ₂ O ₄ NF ，M = Ni，Co和Mn）。得益于独特的结构，例如表面上的许多垂直互连的纳米片和一维交织的纳米纤维网络，所获得的H NiCo ₂ O ₄ NFs电极表现出1750 F g ^-1的高比电容 （在电流密度为0.5 A时） g ^-1），良好的倍率能力（在20 A g ^-1时电容保持70％）和出色的循环稳定性（6000次循环后电容保持92％）。此外，由H NiCo ₂ O ₄ NFs和活性炭（AC）组装而成的固态混合超级电容器以800 W kg ^-1的功率密度提供38.4 Wh kg ^-1的高能量密度，并具有出色的循环稳定性。因此，H NiCo ₂ O ₄ NFs是用于超级电容器电极的有希望的候选材料，这项工作中的这种自模板化方法也为制备一维分层金属氧化物提供了一条新途径。