Soil mechanics as a field of science has been developed for over a century. One of its most important issues is determination of soil strength. Despite passing years, there is still no universal method for determination of soil shear strength. The goal of this paper was to attempt to systematize methods for measurement of soil shear strength and describe the differences between them and where the differences come from. It presents a list of over 20 types of measurement methods, including their basic features such as dimensions or measurement speed. The list contains both standard and prototype methods that can be found in the literature. These methods can be divided into those with forced (direct shear) and with free shear plane (indirect shear), which comprise penetration testing. A comparative review of literature on different measurement methods shows substantial discrepancies, reaching up to few hundred percent, between methods. Cohesion and internal friction angle determined by these methods should not be treated as soil intrinsic properties, as they are affected by a number of factors. These factors—i.e. scale effect, wall effect, strain rate effect, bulldozing effect, shear kinematics, and type of material that the tester is made of—are described in this paper. The most important parameters of the test methods were found to be the geometry, kinematics and speed. The scale effect in soils during shear is discernible up to about 300 cm² shearing surface; therefore, for most fine-grained soils, it is not necessary to use bigger test devices. Shear speed plays a significant role for cohesive soils, increasing cohesion values threefold or more. The article concludes with guidelines that, according to the authors, should be followed when selecting a method for measurement of shear strength to be applied when determining soil traction properties.

土壤力学作为科学领域已经发展了一个多世纪。其最重要的问题之一是确定土壤强度。尽管经过了多年，但仍然没有确定土壤抗剪强度的通用方法。本文的目的是尝试系统化土壤抗剪强度的测量方法，并描述它们之间的差异以及差异的来源。它列出了20多种测量方法，包括其基本功能，例如尺寸或测量速度。该列表包含可以在文献中找到的标准方法和原型方法。这些方法可以分为带有渗透测试的强制（直接剪切）方法和自由剪切平面（间接剪切）方法。对不同测量方法的文献进行的比较回顾显示，方法之间存在很大的差异，差异高达数百％。通过这些方法确定的内聚力和内摩擦角不应被视为土壤固有特性，因为它们会受到许多因素的影响。本文描述了这些因素，即比例效应，壁效应，应变率效应，推土效应，剪切运动学以及制造测试仪的材料类型。测试方法的最重要参数是几何形状，运动学和速度。在300 cm左右的剪切过程中，土壤中的水垢效应是可见的 通过这些方法确定的内聚力和内摩擦角不应被视为土壤固有特性，因为它们会受到许多因素的影响。本文描述了这些因素，即比例效应，墙效应，应变率效应，推土效应，剪切运动学以及制造测试仪的材料类型。测试方法的最重要参数是几何形状，运动学和速度。在300 cm左右的剪切过程中，土壤中的水垢效应是可见的 通过这些方法确定的内聚力和内摩擦角不应被视为土壤固有特性，因为它们会受到许多因素的影响。本文描述了这些因素，即比例效应，墙效应，应变率效应，推土效应，剪切运动学以及制造测试仪的材料类型。测试方法的最重要参数是几何形状，运动学和速度。在300 cm左右的剪切过程中，土壤中的水垢效应是可见的 运动学和速度。在300 cm左右的剪切过程中，土壤中的水垢效应是可见的 运动学和速度。在300 cm左右的剪切过程中，土壤中的水垢效应是可见的²剪切面；因此，对于大多数细粒土壤，没有必要使用更大的测试设备。剪切速度在粘性土壤中起着重要作用，使粘性值增加三倍或更多。根据作者的结论，根据文章的指导原则，选择确定土壤牵引性能时应采用的剪切强度测量方法时应遵循的准则。