The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) is a channel that, when open, is responsible for a dramatic increase in the permeability of the mitochondrial inner membrane, a process known as the mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT). mPTP activation during Ca²⁺ dyshomeostasis and oxidative stress disrupts normal mitochondrial function and induces cell death. mPTP opening has been implicated as a critical event in many diseases, including hypoxic injuries, neurodegeneration, and diabetes. Discoveries of recent years indicate that mPTP demonstrates very complicated behavior and regulation, and depending on specific induction or stress conditions, it can function as a high-conductance pore, a small channel, or a non-specific membrane leak. The focus of this review is to summarize the literature on the electrophysiological properties of the mPTP and to evaluate the evidence that it has multiple molecular identities. This review also provides perspective on how an electrophysiological approach can be used to quantitatively investigate the biophysical properties of the mPTP under physiological, pharmacological, pathophysiological, and disease conditions.

线粒体通透性转变孔 (mPTP) 是一种通道，当打开时，会导致线粒体内膜通透性急剧增加，这一过程称为线粒体通透性转变 (mPT)。 Ca ²⁺稳态失衡和氧化应激期间 mPTP 激活会破坏正常线粒体功能并诱导细胞死亡。 mPTP 开放被认为是许多疾病的关键事件，包括缺氧损伤、神经退行性变和糖尿病。近年来的发现表明，mPTP表现出非常复杂的行为和调节，根据特定的诱导或应激条件，它可以充当高电导孔、小通道或非特异性膜渗漏。本综述的重点是总结有关 mPTP 电生理特性的文献，并评估其具有多种分子特性的证据。本综述还提供了关于如何使用电生理学方法定量研究 mPTP 在生理、药理学、病理生理学和疾病条件下的生物物理特性的观点。