In the scenario of UAC(Underwater Acoustic Communication) between the USV(Unmanned Surface Vehicle) and underwater node, the affection originated from sea surface random fluctuation to UAC system stability cannot be neglected due to the small size of hull and the shallow draft, especially when USV is sailing near sea surface. The experimental results indicate that the random fluctuation of the sea surface has several influences both on signal propagation and multi-channel structure, and they are difficult to describe quantitatively. Following the research of?marine environment – channel characteristics – underwater acoustic communication’, this paper proposes a shallow sea wave spectrum model(USV_SW) to design UAC system based on measured data including the environment parameters, wind speed, wind direction, and real-time water depth. Moreover, the verification of elevation is presented between the proposed USV_SW model and CORS_GPS(Continuously Operating Reference Stations GPS) data collected on USV. Therefore, we calculated the average acoustic reflection coefficient of random fluctuation interface which is applied for the following simulation analysis of vertical and horizontal channels influenced by interface fluctuation. Simulation results show that the horizontal channel is affected more by random interface fluctuation and its characteristic signal space–time fluctuation is noteworthy in bad sea conditions. The analysis of the random fluctuation interface on the channel structure provides data and theoretical support for the design of the USV underwater acoustic communication scheme.

在USV（无人水面航行器）与水下节点之间的UAC（水下声通信）的情况下，由于船体尺寸小且吃水浅，尤其是海面随机波动对UAC系统稳定性的影响不能忽略。当USV在海面附近航行时。实验结果表明，海面的随机波动对信号传播和多通道结构都有若干影响，难以定量描述。在研究了“海洋环境–通道特性–水下声通信”之后，本文提出了一种浅海波谱模型（USV_SW），根据环境参数，风速，风向和实测数据来设计UAC系统。时间水深。此外，在建议的USV_SW模型与在USV上收集的CORS_GPS（连续运行参考站GPS）数据之间进行了高度验证。因此，我们计算了随机波动界面的平均声反射系数，该平均声反射系数用于以下受界面波动影响的垂直和水平通道的仿真分析。仿真结果表明，水平信道受随机界面波动的影响更大，在恶劣海况下，其特征信号时空波动也很明显。通道结构随机波动界面的分析为USV水下声通信方案的设计提供了数据和理论支持。