Is the Spanish economy positioned at its optimal progressivity level in personal income tax? This article quantifies the aggregate, distributional, and welfare consequences of moving toward such an optimal level. A heterogeneous households general equilibrium model featuring both life cycle and dynastic elements is calibrated to replicate some characteristics of the Spanish economy and used to evaluate potential reforms of the tax system. The findings suggest that increasing progressivity would be optimal, even though it would involve an efficiency loss. The optimal reform of the tax schedule would reduce wealth and income inequality at the cost of negative effects on capital, labor, and output. Finally, these theoretical results are evaluated using tax microdata and describe a current scenario where the income-top households typically face suboptimal effective average tax rates.

中文翻译：

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个人所得税的最优累进性：西班牙的一般均衡评估

西班牙经济是否处于个人所得税的最佳累进水平？本文量化了向这样一个最佳水平移动的总体、分配和福利后果。对具有生命周期和王朝元素的异质家庭一般均衡模型进行了校准，以复制西班牙经济的某些特征，并用于评估税收制度的潜在改革。研究结果表明，增加渐进性将是最佳的，即使它会涉及效率损失。税收制度的最佳改革将以对资本、劳动力和产出产生负面影响为代价来减少财富和收入不平等。最后，