Relative to younger adults, older adults have demonstrated higher emotional well-being in the face of the threats of COVID-19 (e.g., Bruine de Bruin in J Gerontol https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa074, 2020) and other events (Bonanno and Diminich in J Child Psychol Psychiatry 54:378–401, 2013). Thus, we predicted that levels of well-being would show minimal change in the first 4 months of COVID-19, with older adults faring better than younger adults. Adults (N = 325, M age = 39.7, SD = 12.3) were surveyed before the pandemic began and at four additional time points throughout the first 4 months of the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States. Participants provided demographic information and completed measures of positive and negative affect. Latent growth curves were used to analyze changes in well-being over time, with age as a covariate. There was a significant linear increase in positive affect. Older age was positively associated with initial levels, but age was not associated with the slope. There was a significant curvilinear pattern in negative affect, with an initial increase, which, although remaining elevated, exhibited slow decreases over time. Age was significantly and negatively associated with initial negative affect, but age did not influence the shape or rate of change over time. We detected changes in both positive affect and negative affect during the first 4 months of COVID-19. The magnitude of these changes suggests that the stress of COVID-19 does not lead to an immediate decrease in well-being. Moreover, although older adults showed higher positive affect and lower negative affect relative to other adults, age differences in the trajectory of change did not emerge. Delayed and long-term effects on well-being and whether those effects are age-invariant should be examined over longer periods of time.

中文翻译：

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美国 COVID-19 前四个月的情绪健康

相对于年轻人，老年人在面对 COVID-19 的威胁时表现出更高的情绪幸福感（例如，J Gerontol 中的 Bruine de Bruin https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa074, 2020）和其他事件（Bonanno 和 Diminich 在 J Child Psychol Psychiatry 54:378–401, 2013）。因此，我们预测，在 COVID-19 的前 4 个月，幸福感水平的变化很小，老年人的情况要好于年轻人。成人 ( N  = 325, M年龄 = 39.7，SD = 12.3）在大流行开始之前以及在美国 COVID-19 爆发的前 4 个月的另外四个时间点进行了调查。参与者提供了人口统计信息并完成了积极和消极影响的测量。潜在生长曲线用于分析幸福感随时间的变化，年龄作为协变量。积极影响呈显着线性增长。年龄较大与初始水平呈正相关，但年龄与斜率无关。负面影响有一个显着的曲线模式，初始增加，虽然保持升高，但随着时间的推移表现出缓慢下降。年龄与最初的负面影响显着负相关，但年龄不影响形状或随时间变化的速度。我们在 COVID-19 的前 4 个月检测到积极影响和消极影响的变化。这些变化的幅度表明，COVID-19 的压力不会导致幸福感立即下降。此外，虽然老年人相对于其他成年人表现出更高的积极情绪和较低的消极情绪，但变化轨迹的年龄差异并未出现。对幸福感的延迟和长期影响以及这些影响是否与年龄无关，应在更长的时间内进行检查。变化轨迹的年龄差异并未出现。对幸福感的延迟和长期影响以及这些影响是否与年龄无关，应在更长的时间内进行检查。变化轨迹的年龄差异并未出现。对幸福感的延迟和长期影响以及这些影响是否与年龄无关，应在更长的时间内进行检查。