What are the interpersonal consequences of seeking solitude? Leading theories in developmental research have proposed that having a general preference for solitude may incur significant interpersonal costs, but empirical studies are still lacking. In five studies (total N = 1,823), we tested whether target individuals with a higher preference for solitude were at greater risk for ostracism, a common, yet extremely negative, experience. In studies using self-reported experiences (Study 1) and perceptions of others’ experiences (Study 2), individuals with a stronger preference for solitude were more likely to experience ostracism. Moreover, participants were more willing to ostracize targets with a high (vs. low) preference for solitude (Studies 3 and 4). Why do people ostracize solitude-seeking individuals? Participants assumed that interacting with these individuals would be aversive for themselves and the targets (Study 5; preregistered). Together, these studies suggest that seeking time alone has important (and potentially harmful) interpersonal consequences.

寻求独处的人际关系后果是什么？发展研究的主要理论提出，普遍偏爱独处可能会导致显着的人际关系成本，但仍缺乏实证研究。在五项研究中（总共N= 1,823），我们测试了对孤独有更高偏好的目标个体是否更有可能遭受排斥，这是一种常见但极其消极的经历。在使用自我报告的经历（研究 1）和对他人经历的看法（研究 2）的研究中，对独处有更强偏好的人更有可能遭受排斥。此外，参与者更愿意排斥对孤独有高（相对于低）偏好的目标（研究 3 和 4）。为什么人们排斥寻求孤独的人？参与者假设与这些人互动会令他们自己和目标感到厌恶（研究 5；预注册）。总之，这些研究表明，寻求独处时间具有重要（且可能有害）的人际关系后果。